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. 2021 Mar 23;36:106992. doi: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106992

Data on the sensory evaluation of the dry red and white wines quality obtained by traditional technologies from European and hybrid grape varieties in the Krasnodar Territory, Russia

Alexan A Khalafyan a, Zaual A Temerdashev a,, Vera A Akin'shina a, Yuri F Yakuba b
PMCID: PMC8050733  PMID: 33889695

Abstract

The analysis of data on the sensory evaluation of the quality of wines obtained using traditional technologies in the Krasnodar Territory, Russia, was carried out using the statistical ranking criteria – the Spearman and Kendall correlation coefficients, as well as the positional analysis – Cronbach's alpha. Data on the sensory evaluation of 60 samples of natural dry red and white wines are presented, among which 20 are white wines, 40 are red wines produced in 2010–2015. Eleven specialists aged between 32 and 66 years (the average age was 50 years; 4 females and 7 males) participated in the sensory evaluation procedure. All participants are considered experts in the field of wine, work in the wine industry and have professional experience in the field of sensory analysis. The results of the consistency study of expert evaluations, the reliability of the general score scale, as well as the analysis of the loyalty of experts in the wine quality assessment are presented in the article. The reliability of the proposed loyalty scale is shown, i.e., the scale of the sum of scores given by each expert in the evaluation of the quality of wines. The database on the sensory evaluation of the quality of wines, obtained for all wine samples using positional analysis, makes it possible to assess the contribution of each of the 60 wine samples to their ranking by mean scores. The data may be of interest to scientists and oenologists for the wine quality assessment.

Keywords: Wine tasting, Expert evaluation of data, Positional analysis

Specifications Table

Subject Oenology
Specific subject area Sensory analysis
Type of data Figures, tables
How data were acquired Data analysis
Data format Results of the sensory evaluation of tested wine samples
Parameters for data collection 60 samples of natural dry red and white grape wines produced in 2010–2015 were analyzed. All the wine samples were produced according to traditional technologies from European (Cabernet, Merlot, Aligote, Riesling, Saperavi, etc.) and hybrid grape varieties (Bianca, Viorica, Moldova, Pervenets Magaracha, etc.).
Description of data collection Samples of natural red and white wines were analyzed, among which the first 20 were white wines, the remaining 40 were red. Eleven specialists aged between 32 and 66 years (the average age was 50 years; 4 females and 7 males) participated in the sensory evaluation procedure. All participants are considered experts in the field of wine, work in the wine industry and have professional experience in the field of sensory analysis.
Data source location The wines were produced in 2010–2015 in the Krasnodar Territory, Russia by industrial producers (alcohol content – 9–13% by volume, acidity – 4–7 g/dm3).
Data accessibility Data available in the article
Related research article A. A. Khalafyan, Z. A. Temerdashev, V. A. Akin'shina, Yu. F. Yakuba. Study of consistency of expert evaluations of wine sensory characteristics by positional analysis. Heliyon. 7(2) (2021) e06162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e06162

Value of the Data

  • The data provide insight into the problems and solutions of statistical analysis of the sensory evaluation and establishing the consistency of expert evaluations of wine quality.

  • Comparing to the traditionally applied Spearman correlation coefficient and Kendall coefficient of concordance, the Cronbach alpha criterion of the positional analysis is calculated using the initial score scale taking into account its variability and allowing to evaluate the contribution of each expert to the consistency of expert evaluations and determine the reliability of the total score scale for each wine sample.

  • The data can be compared with publications of other authors and/or used in comparative analysis and expert evaluation of the quality of wines.

1. Data Description

Data processing of the sensory evaluation of wine quality has been carried out by various statistical methods – analysis of variance (ANOVA) [1], [2], [3], principal component analysis (PCA) [4], discriminant analysis [5], mapping on the Cartesian plane [6], regression analysis [7,8], statistical text analysis using Alceste [9], etc. Expert methods for data processing, which describe the procedure for the sensory evaluation of wines [3,[10], [11], [12], [13], [14], [15], have a number of limitations. The results of the sensory evaluation of wines are influenced by the composition of experts, their qualification level and quantity as well as imbalance of wines. Individual characteristics inherent in each expert along with their physical and psycho-emotional state also contribute to the subjectivity of expert evaluations. In the present paper, the problems associated with analyzing the consistency of expert evaluations of wine quality, establishing the contribution of each expert to the total consistency and reliability of the total score scale for wine samples set by each expert have been considered. To process expert evaluations, Table 1 was created containing the scores set by 11 experts based on the results of organoleptic evaluation of 60 samples of white (samples 1–20) and red dry (samples 21–60) wines. The top row contains the number of experts, the first column is the sample number, the second and subsequent columns are expert scores of the wine quality, the last column is the sum of expert scores. The calculations were conducted using the STATISTICA software [16].

Table 1.

Results of the sensory evaluation of tested wine samples.

Sample Number Expert 1 Expert 2 Expert 3 Expert 4 Expert 5 Expert 6 Expert 7 Expert 8 Expert 9 Expert 10 Expert 11 Sum
1 77 80 80 80 81 82 77 85 85 83 81 891
2 83 83 79 79 79 63 82 79 83 78 78 866
3 89 79 81 83 82 76 83 79 86 77 85 900
4 90 85 82 78 82 78 85 76 85 84 78 903
5 90 87 79 85 85 82 84 83 85 85 85 930
6 90 84 80 84 83 76 77 86 83 81 84 908
7 85 87 82 85 84 78 83 86 84 86 87 927
8 90 86 80 83 84 84 83 87 82 82 79 920
9 95 92 85 84 86 80 88 88 84 84 80 946
10 88 86 82 79 81 64 85 80 83 79 86 893
11 83 79 79 78 77 58 77 72 86 74 81 844
12 82 86 82 82 84 84 84 82 87 85 84 922
13 88 85 87 80 82 72 84 73 84 83 86 904
14 88 87 80 79 82 72 80 90 85 80 83 906
15 94 88 80 86 84 80 88 81 83 79 82 925
16 82 90 82 80 83 82 82 78 86 82 83 910
17 84 79 78 79 79 72 78 78 82 77 83 869
18 87 83 79 79 81 74 88 77 83 80 81 892
19 84 82 79 78 79 71 77 72 83 86 82 873
20 95 89 82 86 86 84 89 83 85 79 86 944
21 87 83 80 82 84 80 79 81 81 79 82 898
22 67 78 68 70 78 74 81 30 60 67 68 741
23 88 81 79 79 82 84 83 75 78 71 82 882
24 85 88 80 79 85 84 81 80 82 78 86 908
25 81 80 79 82 81 84 84 86 78 82 81 898
26 92 83 80 85 84 86 84 82 80 80 84 920
27 85 86 79 78 86 88 77 76 82 74 82 893
28 87 83 79 86 85 78 79 82 85 78 81 903
29 82 82 80 83 85 81 83 88 78 76 81 899
30 87 84 81 81 83 82 85 80 82 84 87 916
31 79 90 80 79 82 80 83 80 80 80 86 899
32 83 89 79 82 84 88 82 92 78 82 84 923
33 81 89 80 78 84 90 77 81 82 84 81 907
34 81 86 80 84 83 82 83 85 75 88 83 910
35 89 91 82 84 85 82 82 82 86 77 84 924
36 87 89 81 81 84 86 84 92 82 82 86 934
37 87 90 83 82 81 84 85 79 79 85 84 919
38 85 80 80 81 81 78 81 88 77 79 79 889
39 94 82 81 80 84 86 84 81 81 83 80 916
40 87 91 82 80 85 82 85 92 82 89 83 938
41 82 89 82 82 85 84 89 84 78 87 81 923
42 79 78 77 78 82 80 86 60 78 79 70 847
43 84 87 81 78 86 82 84 73 78 82 80 895
44 87 82 82 85 85 82 78 80 83 75 85 904
45 86 92 86 87 86 93 84 89 83 79 79 944
46 88 89 86 80 83 94 83 89 84 87 86 949
47 82 79 84 80 84 92 86 85 86 88 79 925
48 85 85 85 83 83 91 86 88 80 83 81 930
49 86 93 88 88 84 92 88 95 78 88 90 970
50 87 84 83 84 86 81 89 80 78 80 83 915
51 84 86 84 80 85 84 85 86 83 82 80 919
52 75 87 83 84 83 82 83 78 85 78 90 908
53 80 80 82 82 84 88 78 83 88 80 80 905
54 85 79 84 84 83 86 82 86 85 86 87 927
55 86 89 89 89 94 84 90 93 88 90 83 975
56 75 80 80 79 80 82 81 80 79 78 81 875
57 88 85 82 86 82 84 77 80 81 81 79 905
58 84 87 83 87 83 80 83 80 79 80 82 908
59 84 82 82 87 83 87 85 80 80 76 80 906
60 70 78 76 70 78 76 89 72 79 76 70 834

The obtained values of descriptive statistics of expert evaluations, including mean values (Mean, Median) and their ranges (Minimum, Maximum), interquartile ranges (Lower Quartile, Upper Quartile), standard deviation (Std.Dev.), are given in Table 2, Table 3, Table 4 for all wines and separately for white and red wines.

Table 2.

Descriptive statistics of expert evaluations for all wines.

Descriptive Statistics (Expert)
Variable Mean Median Minimum Maximum Lower Quartile Upper Quartile Std.Dev.
Expert 1 84,917 85,000 67,000 95,000 82,000 88,000 5299
Expert 2 84,883 85,000 78,000 93,000 82,000 88,500 4126
Expert 3 81,167 81,000 68,000 89,000 80,000 82,000 3076
Expert 4 81,600 82,000 70,000 89,000 79,000 84,000 3679
Expert 5 83,150 83,000 77,000 94,000 82,000 85,000 2596
Expert 6 81,250 82,000 58,000 94,000 78,000 84,000 6920
Expert 7 83,033 83,000 77,000 90,000 81,000 85,000 3556
Expert 8 81,133 81,000 30,000 95,000 79,000 86,000 9118
Expert 9 81,750 82,000 60,000 88,000 79,000 85,000 4173
Expert 10 80,950 80,500 67,000 90,000 78,000 84,000 4470
Expert 11 82,067 82,000 68,000 90,000 80,000 84,500 4050

Table 3.

Descriptive statistics of expert evaluations for white wines.

Descriptive Statistics (Expert)Include cases: 1:20
Variable Mean Median Minimum Maximum Lower Quartile Upper Quartile Std.Dev.
Expert 1 87,200 88,000 77,000 95,000 83,500 90,000 4720
Expert 2 84,850 85,500 79,000 92,000 82,500 87,000 3731
Expert 3 80,900 80,000 78,000 87,000 79,000 82,000 2198
Expert 4 81,350 80,000 78,000 86,000 79,000 84,000 2870
Expert 5 82,200 82,000 77,000 86,000 81,000 84,000 2441
Expert 6 75,600 77,000 58,000 84,000 72,000 82,000 7437
Expert 7 82,700 83,000 77,000 89,000 79,000 85,000 3975
Expert 8 80,750 80,500 72,000 90,000 77,500 85,500 5300
Expert 9 84,200 84,000 82,000 87,000 83,000 85,000 1436
Expert 10 81,200 81,500 74,000 86,000 79,000 84,000 3350
Expert 11 82,700 83,000 78,000 87,000 81,000 85,000 2716

Table 4.

Descriptive statistics of expert evaluations for red wines.

Descriptive Statistics (Expert)Include cases: 21:60
Variable Mean Median Minimum Maximum Lower Quartile Upper Quartile Std.Dev.
Expert 1 83,775 85,000 67,000 94,000 81,500 87,000 5255
Expert 2 84,900 85,000 78,000 93,000 81,500 89,000 4355
Expert 3 81,300 81,000 68,000 89,000 80,000 83,000 3451
Expert 4 81,725 82,000 70,000 89,000 79,500 84,000 4051
Expert 5 83,625 84,000 78,000 94,000 82,500 85,000 2569
Expert 6 84,075 84,000 74,000 94,000 81,500 86,500 4576
Expert 7 83,200 83,000 77,000 90,000 81,000 85,000 3368
Expert 8 81,325 81,500 30,000 95,000 80,000 87,000 10,582
Expert 9 80,525 80,500 60,000 88,000 78,000 83,000 4552
Expert 10 80,825 80,000 67,000 90,000 78,000 84,000 4971
Expert 11 81,750 82,000 68,000 90,000 80,000 84,000 4573

The positional analysis of the results of organoleptic evaluation of the tested wine samples, carried out by the Reliability/Item Analysis module, allowed to calculate the Cronbach's alpha value equal to 0.843. This indicator, calculated according to the initial point scale taking into account its variability, made it possible to assess the contribution of each expert to the consistency of expert assessments. The closeness of Cronbach's alpha to 1 characterizes the reliability of the total score scale (column Sum, Table 1), hence the consistency of expert assessments, as high. Cronbach's alpha values, calculated with successive deletion of the assessments of experts 1, 2, 3,…, 11, allowed to determine the influence of each expert on the overall consistency of expert assessments. If Cronbach's alpha exceeds 0.843, then the expert reduces the overall consistency of expert assessments, otherwise increases it. Experts 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10, 11 were established to increase the overall consistency of assessments, while experts 6 and 7 reduced it.

During Reliability/Item Analysis module implementation, a matrix file of the Pearson pairwise correlation coefficients was formed characterizing relationships between expert evaluations (Table 5).

Table 5.

Matrix file of pairwise correlations between experts.

Expert 1 Expert 2 Expert 3 Expert 4 Expert 5 Expert 6 Expert 7 Expert 8 Expert 9 Expert 10 Expert 11
Expert 1 1000 0,381 0,437 0,532 0,414 0,072 0,174 0,465 0,433 0,249 0,426
Expert 2 0,381 1000 0,512 0,396 0,537 0,331 0,294 0,458 0,184 0,429 0,467
Expert 3 0,437 0,512 1000 0,620 0,559 0,397 0,345 0,674 0,545 0,606 0,546
Expert 4 0,532 0,396 0,620 1000 0,604 0,360 0,176 0,608 0,347 0,328 0,524
Expert 5 0,414 0,537 0,559 0,604 1000 0,550 0,337 0,487 0,299 0,379 0,307
Expert 6 0,072 0,331 0,397 0,360 0,550 1000 0,195 0,390 −0,013 0,343 0,148
Expert 7 0,174 0,294 0,345 0,176 0,337 0,195 1000 0,147 −0,068 0,308 −0,014
Expert 8 0,465 0,458 0,674 0,608 0,487 0,390 0,147 1000 0,533 0,579 0,569
Expert 9 0,433 0,184 0,545 0,347 0,299 −0,013 −0,068 0,533 1000 0,344 0,452
Expert 10 0,249 0,429 0,606 0,328 0,379 0,343 0,308 0,579 0,344 1000 0,357
Expert 11 0,426 0,467 0,546 0,524 0,307 0,148 −0,014 0,569 0,452 0,357 1000
Means 84,92 84,83 81,167 81,600 83,15 81,250 83,033 81,133 81,75 80,95 82,067
Std.Dev. 5299 4126 3076 3679 2596 6920 3556 9118 4173 4470 4050
No.Cases 60,00
Matrix 1000

Using pairwise correlation coefficients (Table 5) and designating the group of experts decreasing the consistency of evaluations as “reduce” (6, 7), while the group of experts increasing the consistency of evaluations as “increase”, it can be seen that experts form the groups of homogeneity (clusters) in relation to their contribution to the consistency of evaluations. As can be seen from Fig. 1 constructed by principal component analysis (PCA), experts increasing the consistency are located on the central and left parts of the diagram, while those, which decrease the consistency, are on the right part of it.

Fig. 1.

Fig 1

Scatterplot for experts.

The reliability of the total scale of scores (column Sum) and average scores given by experts (column The average) were assessed (Table 6) by positional analysis of transposed Table 1. The aggregate of average scores given by experts (column The average) is defined as the loyalty scale of experts. With the increase in the average value, the loyalty increases, otherwise the loyalty decreases.

Table 6.

The values of the sum of scores and average scores given by experts.

Expert number Sum The average
1 5095 84,917
2 5093 84,883
3 4870 81,167
4 4896 81,600
5 4989 83,150
6 4875 81,250
7 4982 83,033
8 4868 81,133
9 4905 81,750
10 4857 80,950
11 4924 82,067

Positional analysis of transposed data from Table 1 made it possible to evaluate the contribution of each of the 60 wine samples to the reliability of the loyalty scale (Table 7). Cronbach's alpha values after successive removal of wine samples from positional analysis allowed to isolate samples reducing/increasing the reliability of the loyalty scale. Samples 1, 12, 22, 25, 29, 32, 33, 34, 38, 42, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 60 (in bold italics) decrease the reliability of the loyalty scale, the rest – increase.

Table 7.

Results of positional analysis for wine samples.

Summary for scale: Mean=4941,27; Std.Dv.=87,2904; Valid N:11 (Expert tran)
Cronbach alpha: 0,869,019; Standardized alpha: 0,877,981;
Average inter-item corr.: 0,124,210
variable Mean if deleted Var. if deleted StDv. if deleted Itm-Totl Correl. Alpha if deleted
1 4860,273 7203,653 84,874 −0,652 0,876
2 4862,545 6526,248 80,785 0,431 0,865
3 4859,455 6662,976 81,627 0,407 0,866
4 4859,182 6491,421 80,569 0,645 0,862
5 4856,727 6605,834 81,276 0,732 0,863
6 4858,727 6659,835 81,608 0,410 0,866
7 4857,000 6806,546 82,502 0,278 0,868
8 4857,636 6640,776 81,491 0,568 0,864
9 4855,273 6376,380 79,852 0,762 0,860
10 4860,091 6378,264 79,864 0,519 0,863
11 4864,545 6517,338 80,730 0,320 0,868
12 4857,455 6896,430 83,045 0,102 0,869
13 4859,091 6536,083 80,846 0,448 0,864
14 4858,909 6586,992 81,160 0,406 0,865
15 4857,182 6313,239 79,456 0,863 0,858
16 4858,545 6666,066 81,646 0,522 0,865
17 4862,273 6695,289 81,825 0,437 0,866
18 4860,182 6485,239 80,531 0,680 0,862
19 4861,909 6684,810 81,761 0,300 0,867
20 4855,455 6356,793 79,730 0,865 0,859
21 4859,636 6653,686 81,570 0,725 0,864
22 4873,909 6184,446 78,641 0,274 0,880
23 4861,091 6470,810 80,441 0,622 0,862
24 4858,727 6566,562 81,034 0,702 0,863
25 4859,636 7017,867 83,773 −0,257 0,872
26 4857,636 6608,049 81,290 0,572 0,864
27 4860,091 6552,992 80,951 0,489 0,864
28 4859,182 6667,058 81,652 0,482 0,865
29 4859,545 6831,703 82,654 0,169 0,869
30 4858,000 6704,728 81,882 0,587 0,865
31 4859,545 6660,793 81,614 0,477 0,865
32 4857,364 6851,322 82,773 0,089 0,870
33 4858,818 6848,330 82,755 0,098 0,870
34 4858,545 6918,430 83,177 −0,004 0,871
35 4857,273 6442,562 80,266 0,811 0,860
36 4856,364 6745,868 82,133 0,309 0,867
37 4857,727 6592,380 81,193 0,636 0,863
38 4860,455 6832,612 82,660 0,171 0,869
39 4858,000 6582,000 81,130 0,530 0,864
40 4856,000 6732,363 82,051 0,287 0,867
41 4857,364 6764,414 82,246 0,283 0,867
42 4864,273 6608,744 81,294 0,261 0,869
43 4859,909 6499,901 80,622 0,665 0,862
44 4859,091 6708,627 81,906 0,380 0,866
45 4855,455 6778,430 82,331 0,182 0,869
46 4855,000 6938,728 83,299 −0,041 0,871
47 4857,182 7255,966 85,182 −0,530 0,878
48 4856,727 6965,289 83,458 −0,095 0,871
49 4853,091 6980,810 83,551 −0,100 0,873
50 4858,091 6592,265 81,193 0,633 0,863
51 4857,727 6803,653 82,484 0,358 0,867
52 4858,727 6944,925 83,336 −0,051 0,872
53 4859,000 7148,364 84,548 −0,436 0,875
54 4857,000 7162,545 84,632 −0,652 0,875
55 4852,636 6953,140 83,385 −0,068 0,871
56 4861,727 7044,199 83,930 −0,404 0,872
57 4859,000 6722,000 81,988 0,387 0,866
58 4858,727 6676,743 81,711 0,571 0,865
59 4858,909 6813,537 82,544 0,197 0,868
60 4865,455 6852,248 82,778 0,053 0,872

Wine samples increasing and decreasing the reliability of the loyalty scale also have a cluster structure. Unfortunately, a large number of samples did not allow to apply PCA method for cluster structure illustration, therefore, discriminant analysis scatterplot is given in Fig. 2. Wine samples decreasing the reliability are predominantly localized on the left part of the chart, while wine samples increasing the reliability are predominantly localized on the right part of the chart.

Fig. 2.

Fig 2

Scatterplot for wine samples.

2. Experimental Design, Materials and Methods

2.1. Research objects

60 samples of natural dry red and white grape wines produced in 2010–2015 in the territory of main wineries of Krasnodar region (Russia) were analyzed: “Myskhako”, “Fanagoria Number Reserve”, “Kuban-Vino”, “Southern wine company (SWK)”, “Villa Victoria”, “Chateau Tamagne”, “Chateau le Grand Vostock”. All the wine samples were produced according to traditional technologies from European (Cabernet, Merlot, Aligote, Riesling, Saperavi, etc.) and hybrid grape varieties (Bianca, Viorica, Moldova, Pervenets Magaracha, etc.) and were kindly provided for research by their manufacturers. The wines were poured into dark green glass bottles with screw caps and stored until use at 10 °C. All wine samples were dry, alcohol content varied from 9 to 13% (v/v) and pH values ranged from 3.61 to 3.79. Dissolved oxygen in wines was measured by the immersion of the probe before bottling in barrels, which was less than 1 mg/dm3.

Wines from European grape varieties obtained by traditional technologies without the use of sulfur dioxide were not considered, since this category significantly differs in taste from wines for which sulfiting was used.

2.2. Sensory analysis

All experimental studies related to sensory analysis were carried out by 11 specialists from the Federal Research Center for Horticulture, Viticulture, Winemaking (FSC HVW, Krasnodar, Russia). Participants are considered experts in the field of wine, work in the wine industry and have professional experience in sensory analysis.

The wine sample (50 cm3) was poured into each glass and covered with a Petri dish with diameter of 5.7 cm 30 min before the sensory evaluation. The tests were carried out in a well-lit tasting room with controlled temperature conditions. All samples were fed at 16–22 °С at tables with white napkins. Experts were prohibited to communicate during the sensory evaluation procedure. The wines were served in transparent tulip-shaped glasses with a volume of 220 dm3. After evaluating each sample, participants were asked to wait at least 30 s, cleanse their palettes with water and crackers. The intervals between tasting of each sample were 2 min. During each interval, experts rinsed their mouths with water. Experts evaluated each sample in triplicate during the working week.

The sensory evaluation results of wine quality were expressed on a scale from 50 to 100 according to the well-known rating system [12]. According to this system, any wine sample is given 50 points, and based on the results of the sensory evaluation, the following maximum points can be added: appearance – up to 5 points, aroma – up to 15 points, taste – up to 20 points, overall impression and capability of aging – up to 10 points. For a consolidated assessment of the organoleptic characteristics of wines, the average scores of sensory evaluations were used according to the results of tasting by a group of experts.

In Russia, official methods for the sensory evaluation of wines express the results as points or use descriptive characteristics in terms of organoleptic indicators (transparency, color, aroma, taste). Ten or 100-point score scales are used. The 100-point system is used, as a rule, at international tasting competitions.

2.3. Data analysis

All calculations were implemented using the STATISTICA software (v. 10) [16]. The pairwise consistency of experts was determined using Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, the “individual” consistency was established by the multiple correlation coefficient, group consistency – by means of Kendall's concordance coefficient and Cronbach's alpha criterion (Reliability and Item Analysis). However, the listed statistical criteria for the consistency of expert evaluations – Spearman's rank correlation coefficients, Kendall's and Kronbach's alpha correlations do not have generally accepted ranges of variation for their interpretation in the nominal scale, therefore, we focused on the degree of their proximity to 0 and 1. If the value of the criteria is closer to 0, the consistency is lower; following this trend, if the value is closer to 1, the consistency is higher. Scatter plots for experts and wine samples were built using the Multidimensional Scaling module.

Ethical Statement

All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee and with the 1964 Helsinki declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards. All participants gave their consent in this experiment. No additional regulations were required.

CRediT Author Statements

Alexan A. Khalafyan: Software, Formal analysis, Writing - Original Draft; Zaual A. Temerdashev: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing - Review & Editing, Supervision, Project administration; Vera. A. Akin'shina: Software, Data analysis; Yuri F. Yakuba: Sensory analysis.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests of personal relationship that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18–03–00059); experiments were carried out with the use of scientific equipment of the Ecological and Analytical Center of the Kuban State University.

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