Abstract
Pneumocystis carinii is a eukaryotic opportunistic pathogen causing pneumonia (PCP) in immunosuppressed patients. It is best known in human medicine as a pathogen of AIDS pa-tients and in immunosuppressed transplant and cancer patients (Waltzer 1993).
Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.5 MB).
References
- Ainsworth DM, Weldon AD, Beck KA, Rowland PH. Recognition of Pneumocystis carinii in foals with respiratory distress. Equine vet. J. 1993;25:103–108. doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.1993.tb02917.x. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bartlett MS, Smith JW. Pneumocystis carinii, an opportunist in immunocompromised patients. Clin. Microbiol. Rev. 1991;4:137–149. doi: 10.1128/cmr.4.2.137. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Baskerville A, Dowsett AB, Cook RW. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus infection: immunohistological and scanning and transmission electron microscopical studies. J. Pathol. 1991;164:175–184. doi: 10.1002/path.1711640212. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Bille-Hansen V, Jorsal SE, Henriksen SA. Vet. Rec. 1990. Settnes OP Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in Danish piglets. pp. 407–408. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Botha WS, Van Rensburg IBJ. Pneumocystosis: a chronic respiratory distress syndrome in the dog. J. S. Afr. vet. Assoc. 1979;50:173–179. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Farrow BRH, Watson ADJ, Hartley WJ, Huxtable CRR. Pneumocystis pneumonia in the dog. J. Comp. Pathol. 1972;82:447–453. doi: 10.1016/0021-9975(72)90044-8. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Furuta T, Nogami S, Kojima S. Spontaneus Pneumocystis carinii infection in the dog with naturally acquired generalised demodicosis. Vet. Ree. 1994;134:423–424. doi: 10.1136/vr.134.16.423. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Gardner MB, Luciw PA. Animal models of AIDS. The FASEB Journal. 1990;3:2593–2606. doi: 10.1096/fasebj.3.14.2556312. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Grocott RG. A stain for fungi in tissue sections and smears. Am. J. clin. Pathol. 1955;25:975–979. doi: 10.1093/ajcp/25.8_ts.0975. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hagler DN, Kim CK, Walzer PD. Feline leukemia virus and Pneumocystis carinii infection. J. Parasitol. 1987;73:1284–1286. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Hughes WT, Feldman S, Sanyal SK. Treatment of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Can. med. Assoc. J. 1975;112:47–50. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Iwatsuki K, Okita M, Ochikubo F, Gemma T, Shin Y-S, Miyashita N, Mikami T, Kai C. Immunohistocehmical analysis of the lymphoid organs of dogs naturally infected with canine distemper virus. J. comp. Path. 1995;113:185–190. doi: 10.1016/s0021-9975(05)80033-7. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Krakowa S, Higgins RJ, Koestner A. Canine distemper virus: review of structural and functional modulations in lymphoid tissues. Am J. vet. Res. 1980;41:284–292. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Laakkonen J, Soveri T. Characterization of Pneumocystis carinii infection in Sorex araneus from southern Finland. J. Wildl. Dis. 1995;31:228–232. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-31.2.228. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Lobetti R, Leisewitz A, Spencer J. A preliminary investigation into the immunological basis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in 4 dogs. 1994. p. 77. [Google Scholar]
- Mayhew IG, Greiner EC. Protozoal diseases. Vet. Clin. North. Am. Equine Pract. 1986;2:439–459. doi: 10.1016/s0749-0739(17)30726-5. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- McConnell EE, Basson PA, Pienaar JG. Pneumocystosis in a domestic goat. Onderstepoort J. Vet. Res. 1971;38:117–126. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Pedersen NC The feline immunodeficiency virus. In: Levy JA (ed): The Retroviridae. v. 2. Plenum Press, New York, 1993.
- Perryman LE, McGuire TC, Crawford TB. Maintenance of foals with combined immunodeficiency: causes and control of secondary infections. Am. J. vet. Res. 1978;39:1043–1047. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Phair J, Munoz A, Detels R, et al. The risk of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia among men infected with human immunodeficiency virus type I. N. Engl. J. Med. 1990;322:161–165. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199001183220304. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Settnes OP, Hasselager E. Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii Delanoe & Delanoe, 1912 in dogs and cats in Denmark. Nord. Vet. Med. 1984;36:179–181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Shimizu A, Kimura F, Kimura S. Occurrence of Pneumocystis carinii in animals in Japan. Jpn. J. vet. Sci. 1985;47:309–311. doi: 10.1292/jvms1939.47.309. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Sukura A, Saari S, Järvinen A. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in dogs–a diagnostic challenge. J. vet. diagn. Invest. 1996;8:124–130. doi: 10.1177/104063879600800124. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Vogel P, Miller CJ, Lowenstine LL, Lackner AA. Evidence of horizontal transmission of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia in simian immunodeficiency virus-infected Rhesus Macaques. J. Infect. Dis. 1993;168:836–843. doi: 10.1093/infdis/168.4.836. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Walzer PD. Pneumocystis carinii: recent advances in basic biology and their clinical application. Aids. 1993;7:1293–1305. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- Yoshida Y, Ikai T. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia: epidemiology in Japan, and cyst concentration method. Zbl. Bakt. Hyg. I Abt. Orig. 1979;244:405–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]