Table 3.
Energy Intake and Healthy Eating Index and its Categories at Baseline, During Lockdown and Post-Lockdown.
| Baseline | Lockdown | Post-Lockdown | p Value * | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Energy intake (kcal) | 2296.78 ± 873.26 | 1891.03 ± 678.13 a | 2248.17 ± 576.76 c | 0.002 |
| Total fruits (g/1000 kcal) | 109.79 ± 102.00 | 113.57 ± 101.45 | 108.75 ± 67.38 | 0.916 |
| Whole fruits (g/1000 kcal) | 85.77 ± 78.25 | 90.51 ± 78.49 | 83.13 ± 62.66 | 0.829 |
| Total vegetables (g/1000 kcal) | 507.16 ± 377.07 | 581.21 ± 411.26 | 134.05 ± 92.13 b,c | <0.001 |
| Greens and beans (g/1000 kcal) | 76.57 ± 113.65 | 54.04 ± 57.01 | 22.39 ± 23.31 b,c | 0.002 |
| Whole grains (g/1000 kcal) | 23.14 ± 24.75 | 21.11 ± 24.41 | 28.85 ± 29.30 | 0.319 |
| Dairy (g/1000 kcal) | 60.70 ± 69.39 | 64.65 ± 67.59 | 172.98 ± 143.27 b,c | <0.001 |
| Total protein food (g/1000 kcal) | 88.95 ± 66.92 | 69.31 ± 46.38 a | 54.55 ± 33.47 b | 0.002 |
| Seafood and plant proteins (g/1000 kcal) | 49.27 ± 39.97 | 35.37 ± 28.92 a | 29.91 ± 22.52 b | 0.002 |
| Fatty acids (PUFA+MUFA)/SFA) | 1.98 ± 1.34 | 1.77 ± 1.20 a | 1.54 ± 0.78 b | 0.026 |
| Refined grains (g/1000 kcal) | 29.67 ± 28.17 | 39.81 ± 37.58 a | 52.72 ± 48.19 b | 0.006 |
| Sodium (g/1000 kcal) | 0.95 ± 0.44 | 1.12 ± 0.73 | 1.19 ± 0.54 b | 0.071 |
| Added sugar (%EI) | 10.93 ± 6.08 | 12.39 ± 6.67 | 4.84 ± 3.93 b,c | <0.001 |
| Saturated fats (%EI) | 10.98 ± 7.46 | 11.82 ± 8.47 | 13.23 ± 8.79 b,c | 0.001 |
| HEI | 64.59 ± 15.76 | 61.08 ± 13.42 a | 63.26 ± 15.22 | 0.203 |
HEI—Healthy Eating Index. *—repeated measures ANOVA or Friedman’s test. a—p < 0.05, Student’s or Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test between baseline and lockdown; b—p < 0.05, Student’s or Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test between baseline and post-lockdown; c—p < 0.05, Student’s or Wilcoxon’s signed-rank test between lockdown and post-lockdown measurement.