Table 1.

Aroma production by SSF of agri-food wastes/byproducts, using molds and yeasts.

	Agri-Food Waste	Pretreatment(s)	Aroma	Reference
Mold
Ceratocystis fimbriata	Citrus pulp + 25% sugarcane molasses (+50% soya bran)	Drying, milling, sieving	Fruity aroma	[56]
	Coffee husks (+glucose)	Milling, steam treatment	Pineapple aroma (acetaldehyde, ethanol, isopropanol, ethyl acetate)	[49]
	Coffee husks	Drying, milling, sieving, sterilization	Fruity flavor	[57]
	Cassava bagasse, apple pomace, amaranth, soybean	Drying, milling, sieving, sterilization	Fruity aroma (+ amaranth and + banana aroma)	[52]
Rhizopus oryzae	Wheat bran, cassava bagasse, sugarcane bagasse	Milling, sieving, sterilization. For sugar cane bagasse: preliminary washing	Fruity aroma (strong banana aroma)	[58]
	Cassava bagasse, apple pomace, soybean, amaranth, soybean oil	Grinding, drying, sterilization	Acetaldehyde, Ethanol, 1-Propanol, Ethyl acetate, Ethyl propionate, 3-Methyl butanol	[59]
Trichoderma viride	Sugarcane bagasse	N.d.	Coconut aroma, 6-pentyl-α-pyrone	[60]
		Drying, milling	Coconut aroma, 6-pentyl-α-pyrone, from δ-Octalactone to Dodecalactone	[61]
Trichoderma harzianum	Sugarcane bagasse	Drying, milling	6-Pentyl-α-pyrone	[62,63]
Kluyveromyces marxianus	Apple pomace, cassava bagasse, sugar cane bagasse, sunflower seeds, giant palm	Drying, milling, sieving, sterilization	Ethanol, ethyl acetate	[64]
	Sugarcane bagasse + sugar beet molasses	Drying, milling, pH adjustment	Fruity aroma (43% alcohol, 35% esters)	[54]
		Drying, milling, pH adjustment	Fruity aroma	[55]
Aspergilius niger, Penicilium cinnabarium	Rice brain oil residue (+ferulic acid)	Water-ethanl extraction, pH adjustment, filter sterilization	Vanillin	[65]
Hanseniaspora velbyensis and uvarum, Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Apple peels	Drying, homogenization	132 volatile compounds	[66]
Yeasts
Pichia kudriavzevii	Sugarcane bagasse + l-phenylalanine	Drying, milling, pH adjustment	Rose aroma	[67]
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	Citrus peels	Slicing, grinding	Isoamylacetate, ethyl dodecanoate, ethyl decanoate, ethyl hexanoate	[68]
Yarrowia lipolytica (engineered)	Fatty feedstock	N.d.	Coconut like flavor (γ-dodecalactone, ẟ-decalactone)	[69]
Kefir (symbiotic yeasts and bacteria)	Food industrial wastes (cheese whey, molasses, brewer’s spent grains, malt spent rootlets, orange and potato pulp)	Blending	Ɛ-pinene	[50]