Table 1.
Characteristics (mean ± SD and n (%)) * of women in the OsteoPerio Study with measurements of plasma 25(OH)D according to quartiles (n = 567).
| Demographic, Lifestyle, or Health Outcome | Quartile of Plasma 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Sample (n = 567) | Q1 (n = 142) | Q2 (n = 142) | Q3 (n = 141) | Q4 (n = 142) | |
| Plasma 25(OH)D (nmol/L) | 58.8 ± 22.6 | 31.3 ± 8.5 | 51.5 ± 5.0 | 64.9 ± 3.6 | 87.7 ± 15.5 |
| Age (years) | 66.8 ± 7.1 | 67.0 ± 7.4 | 67.5 ± 7.0 | 67.0 ± 7.0 | 65.7 ± 6.9 |
| Race (% non-Hispanic White) | 556 (98.1) | 136 (95.8) | 139 (97.9) | 140 (99.3) | 141 (99.3) |
| Healthy Eating Index—2015 † | 67.4 ± 10.0 | 64.4 ± 10.6 | 69.1 ± 10.1 | 68.3 ± 9.6 | 67.7 ± 9.0 |
| Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status Index † | 76.3 ± 6.5 | 75.5 ± 7.0 | 76.9 ± 5.5 | 75.8 ± 6.5 | 76.9 ± 7.0 |
| Smoking | |||||
| Never/Former | 547 (96.5) | 130 (91.6) | 140 (99.3) | 140 (99.3) | 136 (95.8) |
| Current | 20 (3.5) | 12 (8.5) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.7) | 6 (4.2) |
| Percent Body Fat | 36.8 ± 5.9 | 38.9 ± 5.7 | 37.7 ± 5.5 | 36.0 ± 5.5 | 34.7 ± 6.1 |
| Physical Activity (MET h/week) ¶ | |||||
| ≤1 | 103 (18.5) | 39 (28.1) | 23 (16.4) | 20 (14.2) | 21 (15.3) |
| >1 and <12.5 | 225 (40.4) | 62 (44.6) | 68 (48.6) | 49 (34.8) | 46 (33.6) |
| ≥12.5 | 229 (41.1) | 38 (27.3) | 49 (35.0) | 72 (51.1) | 70 (51.1) |
| Hormone Therapy Use | |||||
| Never/Former | 305 (53.8) | 96 (67.6) | 82 (57.8) | 67 (47.5) | 60 (42.3) |
| Current | 262 (46.2) | 46 (32.4) | 60 (42.3) | 74 (52.5) | 82 (57.8) |
| History of Diagnosed Diabetes (% yes) | 27 (4.8) | 8 (5.6) | 13 (9.2) | 3 (2.1) | 3 (2.1) |
| Oral Health & Hygiene Characteristics | |||||
| Number of Teeth | 23.1 ± 5.4 | 22.0 ± 6.3 | 23.3. ± 5.5 | 23.2 ± 5.4 | 24.0 ± 4.2 |
| Frequency of Brushing | |||||
| ≤Once a day | 136 (24.0) | 42 (29.6) | 38 (26.8) | 24 (17.0) | 32 (22.5) |
| Twice a day | 309 (54.5) | 74 (52.1) | 78 (54.9) | 82 (58.2) | 75 (52.8) |
| >Twice a day | 122 (21.5) | 26 (18.3) | 26 (18.3) | 35 (24.8) | 35 (24.7) |
| Frequency of Flossing | |||||
| Not every week | 108 (19.1) | 31 (21.8) | 29 (20.4) | 19 (13.5) | 29 (20.4) |
| Once a week | 55 (9.7) | 8 (5.6) | 15 (10.6) | 16 (11.4) | 16 (11.3) |
| >once a week | 164 (28.9) | 48 (33.8) | 38 (26.8) | 44 (31.2) | 34 (23.9) |
| Everyday | 240 (42.3) | 55 (38.7) | 60 (42.3) | 62 (44.0) | 63 (44.4) |
| Frequency of Dental Visits | |||||
| >1× per year | 427 (75.3) | 97 (68.3) | 107 (75.4) | 109 (77.3) | 114 (80.3) |
| Once a year | 88 (15.5) | 22 (15.5) | 24 (16.9) | 20 (14.2) | 22 (15.5) |
| Only with a problem/never | 52 (9.2) | 23 (16.2) | 11 (7.8) | 12 (8.5) | 6 (4.2) |
| ACH Defined Periodontal Disease | |||||
| None | 134 (23.6) | 35 (24.7) | 33 (23.2) | 31 (22.0) | 35 (24.7) |
| Mild/moderate | 286 (50.4) | 68 (47.9) | 84 (59.2) | 71 (50.4) | 63 (44.4) |
| Severe | 147 (25.9) | 39 (27.5) | 25 (17.6) | 39 (27.7) | 44 (31.0) |
| CDC/AAP Defined Periodontal Disease † | |||||
| None/Mild | 113 (20.2) | 22 (15.8) | 26 (18.6) | 33 (23.7) | 32 (22.5) |
| Moderate | 350 (62.5) | 91 (65.5) | 98 (70.0) | 81 (58.3) | 80 (56.3) |
| Severe | 97 (17.3) | 26 (18.7) | 16 (11.4) | 25 (18.0) | 30 (21.1) |
| Whole-mouth mean Pocket Depth | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.3 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 | 2.2 ± 0.4 |
| Proportion of Bleeding on Probing (%) | 35.9 ± 23.5 | 40.8 ± 26.1 | 36.1 ± 25.0 | 33.4 ± 19.2 | 33.2 ± 22.4 |
* Continuous variables presented as mean ± SD, categorical as n (%); † Sample size does not add up to 567 due to missing data for this variable. ¶ MET: metabolic equivalents.