Figure 8.

Effects of drugs used to treat diabetes, malaria and the nutraceutical berberine on the growth of MIA-PaCa-2 + WT-GSK-3β, MIA-PaCa-2 + KD-GSK-3β, and MIA-PaCa-2 + pLXSN cells. The effects of the AMPK activator metformin (Panel (A)), the nutraceutical berberine (Panel (B)), and the anti-malarial drug chloroquine (Panel (C)) on MIA-PaCa-2 + WT-GSK-3β (solid red boxes), MIA-PaCa-2 + KD-GSK-3β (solid blue triangles) and MIA-PaCa-2 + pLXSN Cells (solid green circles) were examined by MTT analysis. The MIA-PaCa-2 + WT-GSK-3β, MIA-PaCa-2 + KD-GSK-3β, and MIA-PaCa-2 + pLXSN cells in each panel were all examined at the same time period. These experiments were repeated 4 times and similar results were obtained. Statistical analyses were performed by the Student T test on the means and standard deviations of various treatment groups. *** p < 0.0001, ** p < 0.005, * p < 0.05 and NS = not statistically significant