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. 2021 Apr 13;11(4):569. doi: 10.3390/biom11040569

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Long-term hyperglycemia exhibited altered levels of RAGE and antioxidant transcription factor, Nrf2 in ventricular cardiac tissue of diabetic rats, which were improved with GLC treatment. (a) Increased RAGE expression was observed in the ventricular cardiac tissue of ZDF diabetic rats compared to lean control animals (** p < 0.01) which was alleviated in the GLC treated diabetic animals (* p < 0.05). (b) Transcription factor Nrf2 expression in the cardiac tissues of the Type 2 diabetic animals was downregulated compared to the control animals. The ventricular cardiac tissue of ZDF animals treated with anti-inflammatory agent GLC for 4 weeks showed substantial improvement of Nrf2 expression (* p < 0.05).