Figure 4.

Quantification of different populations of macrophages in human liver tissue sections. Human tissue samples were investigated by immunohistochemical staining for (A,B) general macrophages (CD68), (C,D) pro-inflammatory (CD80) and (E,F) anti-inflammatory macrophages (CD163). An automated imaging analysis method was used to identify the cell areas that were normalized to the whole section area. Additionally, the macrophage areas are clustered by size whereas (A,C,E) Cluster 1 (10–300 µm²) represents solitary macrophages and small clusters of macrophages and (B,D,F) Cluster 2 (300.01–2000 µm²) represents larger clusters of macrophages. The error bars represent the error of the detection method setting a threshold window around the base threshold that was used for cell segmentation. For determination of significantly differences, donors were grouped according their disease pattern (detailed donor data: Table 1 and Table S1). *: p ≤ 0.05, **: p ≤ 0.01. (CCA: cholangiocarcinoma, CRLM: colorectal liver metastasis, FNH: focal nodular hyperplasia, HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma, pCCA: perihilar cholangiocarcinoma).