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. 2021 Apr 9;9(4):406. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9040406

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© 2021 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Summary of the results. For this study, we investigated human LMs in tissue sections as well as isolated from human liver tissues which were characterized both in suspension and in adherent cultures. Our data revealed that the inflammatory state of primary human LMs corresponds to patients and disease characteristics and that it is possible to maintain the macrophage pattern in suspension as well as in adherent cultures with just a few limitations. (CCA: cholangiocarcinoma, CRLM: colorectal liver metastasis, FNH: focal nodular hyperplasia; HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma, LMs: liver macrophages, MDMs: monocyte-derived macrophages, NPCs: non-parenchymal cells, TLR: toll-like receptor).