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. 2021 Apr 15;13(4):1310. doi: 10.3390/nu13041310

Table 5.

Postpartum physical activity behaviour in the intervention and control groups.

Time Point Intervention Group Control Group n a Adjusted Effect Size b (95% CI) Adjusted p Value b
n Mean ± SD n Mean ± SD
Total PA (MET-h/week)
Total PA T1pp 853 179.0 ± 63.9 863 183.0 ± 68.8 1538 −3.59 (−6.69, −0.50) 0.023
T2pp 724 189.5 ± 64.7 737 188.1 ± 70.9 1338 2.60 (−5.23, 10.43) 0.515
Time effect p < 0.001 c p = 0.061 c
Total PA of light intensity and above T1pp 856 168.9 ± 62.2 866 172.3 ± 67.5 1552 −2.58 (−5.56, 0.40) 0.090
T2pp 725 182.2 ± 63.8 740 180.6 ± 70.1 1348 2.71 (−4.95, 10.37) 0.488
Time effect p < 0.001 c p < 0.001 c
Intensity (MET-h/week)
Sedentary T1pp 903 10.1 ± 10.0 899 10.7 ± 10.3 1664 −0.90 (−1.83, 0.03) 0.058
T2pp 773 7.1 ± 5.9 759 7.6 ± 6.6 1446 −0.49 (−1.02, 0.05) 0.077
Time effect p < 0.001 c p < 0.001 c
Light-intensity T1pp 890 87.6 ± 33.4 885 90.8 ± 33.7 1628 −1.37 (−5.08, 2.34) 0.469
T2pp 753 105.4 ± 34.4 755 103.5 ± 34.4 1407 1.90 (−1.17, 4.97) 0.224
Time effect p < 0.001 c p < 0.001 c
Moderate-
intensity
T1pp 867 80.5 ± 41.1 881 80.4 ± 43.5 1588 0.84 (−0.23, 1.92) 0.124
T2pp 746 74.9 ± 43.0 746 75.1 ± 47.9 1387 1.00 (−3.35, 5.36) 0.651
Time effect p < 0.001 c p = 0.001 c
Vigorous-
intensity
T1pp 901 1.2 ± 3.3 902 1.0 ± 3.3 1671 0.20 (−0.09, 0.50) 0.172
T2pp 774 2.3 ± 4.7 766 2.0 ± 4.6 1456 0.32 (−0.14, 0.78) 0.170
Time effect p < 0.001 c p < 0.001 c
Type (MET-h/week)
Household
activity
T1pp 882 141.2 ± 55.2 887 145.1 ± 60.0 1625 −1.75 (−7.54, 4.04) 0.553
T2pp 749 140.8 ± 54.2 751 137.6 ± 55.3 1402 4.13 (−2.23, 10.50) 0.203
Time effect p = 0.880 c p < 0.001 c
Occupational activity T1pp 48 24.1 ± 38.9 52 18.6 ± 24.5 83 8.09 (1.51, 14.67) 0.016
T2pp 218 42.1 ± 33.1 218 44.8 ± 36.2 365 −2.17 (−8.23, 3.88) 0.482
Time effect p = 0.002 c p < 0.001 c
Sport activity T1pp 884 9.7 ± 8.2 888 9.2 ± 9.2 1627 0.12 (−0.55, 0.79) 0.725
T2pp 756 12.5 ± 10.9 753 11.4 ± 10.5 1417 0.60 (−1.28, 2.47) 0.532
Time effect p < 0.001 c p < 0.001 c
Transportation activity T1pp 902 14.3 ± 13.4 899 14.2 ± 13.4 1661 0.41 (−0.79, 1.61) 0.505
T2pp 768 14.9 ± 12.9 762 15.2 ± 13.6 1439 0.01 (−1.09, 1.11) 0.986
Time effect p = 0.323 c p = 0.099 c
Inactivity T1pp 900 12.7 ± 11.5 896 13.2 ± 11.3 1657 −0.75 (−1.85, 0.35) 0.182
T2pp 771 9.6 ± 7.6 757 10.3 ± 8.3 1441 −0.63 (−1.35, 0.10) 0.091
Time effect p < 0.001 c p < 0.001 c
Meeting PA recommendations (n (%)) d OR (95% CI) e
T1pp 466/884 52.7% 415/888 46.7% 1691 1.15 (0.99, 1.33) 0.060
T2pp 439/756 58.1% 416/753 55.2% 1467 1.01 (0.83, 1.21) 0.957

Abbreviations: T1pp: Assessment 6–8 weeks postpartum; T2pp: Assessment one year postpartum; SD: Standard deviation; CI: Confidence interval; PA: Physical activity; OR: Odds ratio. a The total of participant numbers varies due to the applied covariates. b Linear regression models fit using generalised estimating equations adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI category, age, parity, baseline assessment and time interval between questionnaire completion date and birth date of the child. c Linear mixed models for repeated measures adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI category, age and parity. d Meeting recommendations defined as ≥ 7.5 MET-h/week in category sports activity of moderate-intensity or greater. e Binary logistic regression models fit using generalised estimating equations adjusted for pre-pregnancy BMI category, age, parity, baseline assessment and time interval between questionnaire completion date and birth date of the child.