Table 8. The profile of free amino acids in the plasma of broilers fed a diet with various metformin concentrations.
| Metformin (mg/kg) |
|||
|---|---|---|---|
| Amino acids (µmol/L) | 0 | 150 | 300 |
| Essential amino acids | |||
| Arginine | 217.2±17.0 | 202.9±14.6 | 170.0±10.3 |
| Histidine | 128.2±14.6 | 105.4±7.6 | 127.1±8.5 |
| Isoleucine | 174.6±21.2 | 149.3±18.5 | 139.3±9.3 |
| Leucine | 176.9±10.9 | 153.9±7.5 | 158.1±7.4 |
| Lysine | 227.8±12.4 | 217.4±8.3 | 236.7±5.1 |
| Methionine | 62.4±5.0 | 61.1±4.8 | 58.2±5.5 |
| Phenylalanine | 124.7±8.1 | 118.8±4.1 | 126.0±5.9 |
| Threonine | 244.8±16.9 | 229.0±22.1 | 256.3±15.2 |
| Tryptophan | 129.7±13.0 | 132.1±16.5 | 117.1±9.5 |
| Valine | 247.3±27.6 | 214.4±30.7 | 209.4±10.6 |
| Nonessential amino acids | |||
| Alanine | 401.3±32.6 | 387.4±19.7 | 416.7±21.5 |
| Asparagine | 962.7±201.9 | 1146.0±195.8 | 889.9±125.3 |
| Aspartic acid | 62.0±8.1 | 46.1±10.5 | 73.7±13.3 |
| Cystine | 66.2±5.0 | 57.7±5.7 | 59.0±5.2 |
| Glutamine | 828.2±53.3 | 973.7±128.6 | 783.0±49.4 |
| Glutamic acid | 168.2±21.1 | 158.1±17.3 | 134.0±13.2 |
| Glycine | 322.3±26.6 | 422.4±85.7 | 320.8±28.6 |
| Proline | 284.2±13.8 | 257.5±17.3 | 268.8±19.7 |
| Serine | 304.0±25.1 | 394.2±84.4 | 414.3±56.7 |
| Tyrosine | 170.3±13.7 | 170.7±14.3 | 146.0±10.3 |
| α-Aminoadipic acid | 4.2±0.3 | 4.7±1.1 | 4.6±0.3 |
| α-Aminobutyric acid | 8.9±2.0 | 7.3±0.6 | 8.0±0.8 |
| Amino ethanol | 10.4±1.2 | 11.3±1.5 | 10.8±0.9 |
| Anserine | 11.2±1.9 | 12.0±1.7 | 10.9±1.2 |
| β-Alanine | 35.3±4.3a | 27.4±5.4ab | 18.5±3.4b |
| Carnosine | 22.3±2.4 | 27.6±1.7 | 22.7±3.5 |
| Citrulline | 9.5±1.1 | 8.9±0.8 | 10.5±1.0 |
| Cystathionine | 34.4±10.0 | 32.4±6.7 | 25.4±3.9 |
| Hydroxylysine | 2.0±0.3 | 2.2±0.6 | 2.3±0.4 |
| Hydroxyproline | 39.7±4.3 | 46.0±1.8 | 39.2±5.5 |
| Ornithine | 101.3±12.2 | 82.8±8.5 | 103.2±6.3 |
| Sarcosine | 2.7±0.6 | 2.0±0.3 | 1.8±0.5 |
| Nπ-Methylhistidine | 13.3±1.3 | 13.5±1.1 | 15.5±0.8 |
| Nτ-Methylhistidine | 9.4±1.4 | 8.1±1.2 | 12.0±1.7 |
a, b
Means in the same row not sharinga common superscript letter were significantly different (Tukey's HSD test, P<0.05). Values are given as mean±SE. The number of chickens used in each treatment group was 8. ND; not detected.