Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of ICU survivors and non-ICU hospital survivors. Values are numbers (%) unless stated otherwise
| Characteristics | ICU survivors (n=423 060) | Non-ICU hospital survivors (n=3 081 111) |
|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 61.7 (16.5) | 53.5 (20.9) |
| Female sex | 165 348 (39.1) | 1 986 193 (64.5) |
| Neighbourhood income fifth | ||
| Lowest | 92 065 (21.8) | 642 557 (20.9) |
| Low | 88 542 (20.9) | 628 244 (20.4) |
| Middle | 83 548 (19.7) | 615 885 (20.0) |
| High | 80 831 (19.1) | 613 490 (19.9) |
| Highest | 76 429 (18.1) | 568 782 (18.5) |
| Missing | 1645 (0.4) | 12 153 (0.4) |
| Rural residence | 67 385 (15.9) | 386 613 (12.5) |
| Hospital length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 7 (4-13) | 3 (2-5) |
| ICU length of stay (days), median (IQR) | 7 (4-14) | — |
| Charlson comorbidity index | ||
| ≤2 | 340 554 (80.5) | 2 858 357 (92.8) |
| 3-4 | 62 109 (14.7) | 133 760 (4.3) |
| ≥5 | 20 397 (4.8) | 88 994 (2.9) |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 112 481 (26.6) | 0 (0) |
| Non-invasive mechanical ventilation | 6877 (1.6) | 2873 (0.1) |
| Renal replacement therapy | 10 159 (2.4) | 11 445 (0.4) |
| Discharge disposition | ||
| Home without homecare | 270 170 (63.9) | 2 282 408 (74.1) |
| Home with homecare | 106 762 (25.2) | 613 836 (19.9) |
| Continuing care or rehabilitation | 40 581 (9.6) | 54 716 (1.8) |
| Long term care facility | 5547 (1.3) | 130 151 (4.2) |
| Previous psychiatric diagnoses | ||
| Any psychiatric diagnosis | 64 583 (15.3) | 407 299 (13.2) |
| Depression or anxiety | 61 551 (14.5) | 390 607 (12.7) |
| Post-traumatic stress disorder | 1296 (0.3) | 6946 (0.2) |
| Schizophrenia | 7012 (1.7) | 35 357 (1.1) |
| Bipolar affective disorder | 5309 (1.3) | 26 234 (0.9) |
| Hospital admissions in preceding year, mean (SD) | 0.03 (0.27) | 0.03 (0.26) |
| Outpatient mental health visits in preceding year, mean (SD) | 1.09 (5.39) | 0.91 (4.67) |
| Inpatient mental health admission in preceding year | 26 484 (0.9) | 8595 (2.0) |
| Suicide after hospital discharge | 750 (0.2) | 2427 (0.1) |
| Incidence of suicide per 100 000 person years (95% CI) | 41.4 (38.4 to 44.5) | 16.8 (16.1 to 17.5) |
| Self-harm after hospital discharge | 5662 (1.3) | 24 411 (0.8) |
| Incidence of self-harm per 100 000 person years (95% CI) | 327.9 (319.4 to 336.5) | 177.3 (175.1 to 179.5) |
| Suicide or self-harm after hospital discharge | 6234 (1.5) | 26 376 (0.9) |
| Incidence of suicide or self-harm per 100 000 person years (95% CI) | 361.0 (352.1 to 370.1) | 191.6 (189.3 to 193.9) |
ICU=intensive care unit; IQR=interquartile range; SD=standard deviation.