Full Text
The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (326.6 KB).
References
- 1. Blumbergs PO, Jones NR, North JB (1989) Diffuse axonal injury and head trauma. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 52, 838–841. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 2. Galbraith JA, Thibault LE, Matteson DR (1993) Mechanical and electrical responses of the squid giant axon to simple elongation. J Biomech Eng 115: 13–22. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 3. Gennarelli TA (1997) The pathobiology of traumatic brain injury. The Neuroscientist 3: 73–81. [Google Scholar]
- 4. Graham DI, Gennarelli TA (1997) In Graham, D.I. and Lantos, P.L. (eds.), Greenfield;s Neuropathology 6th ed. Vol.1 London : Arnold, 197–262. [Google Scholar]
- 5. Maxwell WL, Graham DI (1997) Loss of axonal microtubules after stretch‐injury to guinea‐ pig optic nerve fibres. J Neurotrauma in press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 6. Maxwell WL, Povlishock JT, Graham DI (1997) A mechanistic analysis of non‐disruptive axonal injury. J Neurotrauma in press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 7. Mayeux R, Ottman R, Maestre G, Ngai C, Tang MX, Ginsberg H, Chun M, Tycko B, Shelanski M (1995) Synergistic effects of traumatic head injury and apolipoprotein‐(4 in patients with AD. Neurology 45: 555–557. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 8. McKenzie KJ, McLellan DR, Gentleman SM, Maxwell WL, Gennarelli TA, Graham DI (1996) Is (‐APP a marker of axonal damage in short‐surviving head injury Acta Neuropathology 92, 608–613. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 9. Nicoll JAR, Roberts GW, Graham DI (1995) Apolipoprotein E (4 allele is associated with deposition of amylooid (‐protein following head injury. Nature Medicine 1: 135–137. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 10. Pettus EH, Christman CW, Giebel ML, Povlishock JT (1994) Traumatically induced altered membrane permeability: its relationship to traumatically induced reactive axonal change. J Neurotrauma 11: 507–522. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 11. Pettus EH, Povlishock JT (1996) Characterisation of a distinct set of intra‐axonal ultrastructural changes associated with traumatically induced alteration in axolemma permability. Brain Research 772: 1–11. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 12. Poirier J (1994) Apolipoprotein E in animal models of CNS injury and in Alzheimer's disease. Trends in Neurosciences 17: 525–530. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 13. Povlishock JT (1992) Traumatically induced axonal injury. Pathogenesis and pathobiological implications. Brain Pathology 2: 1–12. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 14. Roberts GW, Allsop D, Bruton CJ (1990) The occult aftermath of boxing. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 53: 373–378. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 15. Roberts GW, Gentleman SM, Lynch A, Murray L, Landon M, Graham DI (1994) (‐Amyloid protein deposition in the brain after severe head injury: implications for the pathologies of Alzheimer's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57: 419–425. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 16. Roses AD, Saunders A, Nicoll JAR, Graham DI, Roberts GW (1995) Head injury, amyloid and Alzheimer's disease. Nature Med 1: 603. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 17. Saunders AM, Strittmatter WJ, Schmechel D, St George Hyslop PH , Pericak Vance MA, Joo SH, Rosi BL, Gusella JF, Crapper MacLachlan DR, Alberts MJ, Hulette C, Crain B, Goldgaber D, Roses AD (1993) Association of apolipoprotein E allele epsilon 4 with late‐onset familial and sporadic Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 43: 1467. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 18. Sorbi S, Nacmias B, Piacentini S, Repice A, Latorraca S, Forleo P, Amaducci L (1995) ApoE as a prognostic factor for post‐traumatic coma. Nature Med 1: 852. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 19. Teasdeale GM, Nicoll J, Murray G, Fiddes M (1997) Apolipoprotein E polymorphism: a genetic influence on outcome after head injury. Lancet in press. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- 20. Thibault LE (1992) Brain injury from the macro to the micro level and back again: what have we learned to date Bryon, France: International Research Council for Biomechanics of Impact 14: 3–25. [Google Scholar]
- 21. Winston FK, Macarak EJ, Thibault LE (1993) An analysis of the time‐dependent changes in intracellular calcium concentration in endothelial cells in cell culture. J Biomech Eng 115: 160–168. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]