Table 5.

Overview of the published data reporting on the efficacy outcomes of tyrosine kinase inhibitors among mRCC patients with and without concomitant proton pump inhibitor use

Study	TKI	Number of patients	Outcomes (nonusers vs users)	Comment
Ha et al. (2015) [8]	Sunitinib	231, 45 PPI users (19.4%)	mPFS 5.9 vs 4.7 months (p = .04); mOS 15.6 vs 10.2 months (p = .02)
Lalani et al. (2017) [17]	Sunitinib, axitinib, sorafenib	2,188, 120 PPI users (5.5%)	mPFS 8 vs 5.5 months (p = 0 .902); mOS 21.3 vs 21.1 months (p = .754)	Patients enrolled in clinical trials
McAllister et al. (2018) [16]	Pazopanib	90, 63 PPI users (70%), 66 PPI + H2 antagonist users (73.3%)	mPFS 9.0 vs 11.0 months (p = .85); mOS 28.0 vs 30.1 months (p = .92)	Survival analysis performed by grouping all acid suppressing drug users
Sharma et al. (2019) [18]	Sunitinib	847 mRCC; 22.7% (whole study population including NSCLC, CML, pancreatic cancer and HCC)	HR for death at 90 days 0.99, (95% CI, 0.66–1.49); HR = 0.98, (95% CI, 0.77–1.25)	Medicare retrospective study performed on several diseases. Data for mRCC extrapolated

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HR, hazard radio; mOS, median overall survival; mPFS, median progression‐free survival; mRCC, metastatic renal cell carcinoma; NSCLC, non‐small cell lung cancer