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. 2021 May 6;9:101. doi: 10.1186/s40168-021-01046-5

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 4 — Non-target metabolomic analysis of faecal samples in FMT recipient rats. a Heat map presenting top 30 metabolites detected in faecal samples of t-PBS group and t-DHEA group. b Volcano plot of the differentially expressed metabolites. c Boxplot of the upregulated and downregulated metabolites in t-DHEA group. p value of student’s t test and variable importance in the projection score of OPLS-DA were both used to select differentially expressed metabolites. Correlation analysis between metabolites and gut microbes (d), between metabolites and clinical parameters (e) and between each 2 of the differentially expressed metabolites (f). Correlations were determined by Spearman’s rho correlation test or Pearson’s correlation test (+ p < 0.10; p < 0.05). g Bubble plot shows differentially enriched metabolic pathways following distinct gut microbiota transplantation. Each bubble indicates an enriched pathway. Horizontal axis and size of the bubble indicate the impact of the pathway. Vertical axis and colour of the bubble indicate the significance of enrichment. n = 6 rats per group