Appendix 1—table 3. Regions implicated when observing painful facial expressions.
As default regions are displayed if surviving correction for multiple comparisons for the whole brain at the cluster level. Entries in italic refer to regions surviving only small volume correction for brain structures implicated in previous meta-analyses on the same paradigm (Kogler et al., 2020). Coordinates (in standard MNI space) refer to maximally activated foci as indicated by the highest t value within an area of activation: x = distance (mm) to the right (+) or the left (−) of the midsagittal line; y = distance anterior (+) or posterior (−) to the vertical plane through the anterior commissure (AC); z = distance above (+) or below (−) the inter-commissural line. L and R refer to the left and right hemisphere, whereas M refers to medial structures.
| SIDE | Coordinates | T | Cluster size | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| X | Y | Z | ||||
| Parametric modulation of Ratings (positive effect) | ||||||
| Anterior Insula (AI) | L | −38 | 20 | 0 | 3.71† | 2 |
| Middle Cingulate Cortex | M | -4 | -4 | 26 | 4.80 | 187* |
| Amygdala (Amy) | L | −20 | -8 | −10 | 4.74 | 489*** |
| Periaqueductal Grey | M | 6 | −26 | −12 | 3.78 | |
| Fusiform Gyrus | R | 34 | −72 | −10 | 4.09 | 652*** |
| Superior Occipital Gyrus | R | 32 | −80 | 18 | 4.51 | |
| Middle Temporal Gyrus | R | 44 | −58 | 0 | 4.81 | |
| Parametric modulation of Ratings: Controls > EMS | ||||||
| Anterior Insula (AI) | L | −36 | 12 | -8 | 3.72† | 3 |
| dorsal Ant. Cingulate Cortex (dACC) | M | -6 | −38 | 8 | 4.30 | 203* |
| Caudate | L | -8 | 12 | -6 | 4.59 | 227* |
| Caudate | R | 8 | 14 | -6 | 4.12 | 219* |
| Basal Forebrain | R | 18 | 8 | −16 | 4.51 | |
***p < 0.001; **p<0.01; *p<0.05 family-wise corrected for the whole brain.
†p<0.05 small volume corrected for conjoint activation between self and others’ pain from Kogler et al., 2020.