Schematic summary of effects of KEEPS hormonal treatments in recently menopausal women. CIMT, carotid intima-medial thickness; HDL, high density lipoprotein cholesterol; HOMA-IR, Homeostatic Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance; LDL, low density lipoprotein cholesterol; oCEE oral conjugated equine estrogens; tE2, transdermal 17β-estradiol.