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. 1993 Dec 1;34(4):405–419. doi: 10.1186/BF03548185

Reduced Response to Intravenous Endotoxin Injections Following Repeated Oral Administration of Endotoxin in the Pig

H Holst 1,✉, L-E Edqvist 1, H Kindahl 1
PMCID: PMC8112536  PMID: 8147294

Abstract

Three prepubertal gilts were each given 100 mg of endotoxin (ET) in their ordinary feed rations, twice daily for 6 days; 3 other gilts received standard feed. Following ET feeding, all animals were injected intravenously (i.v.) with ET (1.0 µg/kg b.w.) once daily for 5 days. Blood samples were collected and analysed for hematology and total serum bile acids (S-BA), glutamate dehydrogenase (S-GLDH), calcium (S-Ca), iron (S-Fe), zinc (S-Zn) and a blood plasma metabolite (15-ketodihy-dro-PGF2a; P-PG) of prostaglandin F2a. The animals showed no apparent clinical symptoms following ET-feeding, neither did the blood analyses reveal effects of oral ET. However, when iv ET injections were given, the ET-fed animals showed fewer clinical signs of endotoxemia following the 2nd to 5th injection. S-BA and S-GLDH increased markedly in the standard-fed group following the first injection, while the ET-fed animals showed a much smaller increase in S-BA and no change in S-GLDH on that day. The difference in response may be explained by a direct uptake of ET from the gastrointestinal tract in the ET-fed pigs, making them less sensitive to the injected ET

Keywords: prepubertal gilts, lipopolysaccharide, endotoxin tolerance, bile acids, glutamate dehydrogenase, diurnal variation, calcium, iron, zinc

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Acknowledgement

The present study was supported by the Swedish Council for Forestry and Agricultural Research, and the Farmers Research Council for Information and Development. We thank Dr C. Hard af Segerstad and Dr J. Holmdahl for their help with the histopathological and parasitological examinations, respectively.

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