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. 2021 Apr 19;11(13):6334–6354. doi: 10.7150/thno.59342

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(A) Schematic illustration of co-delivery of cell-penetrating AVPI-R8/p53 DNA nanocomplex for overcoming drug resistance. Upon nanocomplex entered the resistant MCF-7/ADR cells, the p53 DNA and AVPIR8 chimeric peptide released from endosomal escape could induce caspase-dependent apoptosis, thereby easing DOX-resistance to potentiate the toxicity of resistant tumor cells. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 155, Copyright © 2014, American Chemical Society. (B) Schematic illustration of co-delivery of TCS (a ribosome-inactivating protein) and PTX by a liposomal carrier for reversal of chemoresistance in lung cancer. Reproduced with permission from Ref. 111, Copyright © 2017, American Chemical Society. Abbreviations: AVPI: the Smac N-terminal tetrapeptide; CPP: cell-penetrating peptide; IAPs: inhibitors of apoptosis proteins; TCS: trichosanthin; MMP: matrix metalloproteinase.