TISSEEL-PEP biogel promotes ischemic wound healing in vivo. (A): Schematic of study design. Ligation of arteries produced an ischemic wound environment. Animals were divided into 4 groups: untreated, treated with PEP alone, TISSEL alone or the TISSEEL-PEP biogel. (B): Photographs of representative wounds from each of 4 groups. (C): Bar graphs showing quantification of wound healing. Each bar measures average wound size for each group as a percentage of original wound on day 28. (D), (E): Hydration and oil levels of skin tissue four weeks post injury. The skin hydration and oil level of different treated groups were measured and compared with untreated group. Normal skin served as baseline. (F): Clinical assessment of wound closure (N=12 in untreated group, N=4 in TISSEEL, PEP and TISSEEL-PEP group). All groups were assessed by certificated physician for Wagner Ulcer Classification each week post injury. Each individual data was plotted in the graph with a smoothing spline curve created. A 2-tailed unpaired Student's t-test was used for each group compared to the untreated control group in Figure C-D. 2-way ANOVA for each group compared with untreated control group in Figure F. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.