Skip to main content
PMC home page
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica logoLink to Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica
. 1991 Dec 1;32(4):503–510. doi: 10.1186/BF03546951

Inoculation of Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Serotype Sp did not cause Pancreas Disease in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.)

Inokulering av Atlantiske laks (Salmo salar L.) med infeksiøst pankreas nekrose virus, serotype Sp frambrakte ikke pancreas disease

E Rimstad 1,✉, T Poppe 1, Ø Evensen 1, B Hyllseth 1
PMCID: PMC8127928  PMID: 1667971

Abstract

Atlantic salmon were selected from a fish farm with no previous record of pancreas disease (PD) or infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) infection. Groups of fish were inoculated with either IPNV (strain Sp) from cell culture, organ material from fish with PD or control material as phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Virological, histological and immunohistochemical examinations were carried out throughout the experiment. None of the fish died or showed clinical symptoms of PD. Histological examination revealed no pathological changes, and immunohistochemical studies were negative. Virus was isolated only sporadically from the group inoculated with organ material, whereas it was isolated consistently from the group inoculated with virus propagated in cell culture, as well as from in-contact control fish after the first week. In a latent carrier test, changes were entirely lacking in the first mentioned group, and were only slight in the last mentioned group. The data suggest that PD is not a transmissible disease, and that IPNV isolated from a PD outbreak does not play any part in the etiology of this disease.

Keywords: salmonids, pancreatic atrophy, transmission

Full Text

The Full Text of this article is available as a PDF (1.3 MB).

References

  1. Dorson M, Castric J, Torchy C. Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus of salmonids: Biological and antigenic features of a pathogenic strain and of a non-pathogenic variant selected in RTG cells. J. Fish Dis. 1978;1:309–320. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1978.tb00035.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  2. Dorson M, Torchy C. The influence of fish age and water temperature on mortalities of rainbow trout, Salmon gairdneri Richardson, caused by a European strain of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. J. Fish Dis. 1981;4:213–221. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1981.tb01128.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  3. Evensen Ø, Rimstad E. Immunohistochemical identification of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in paraffin-embedded tissues of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J. vet. diagn. Invest. 1990;2:288–293. doi: 10.1177/104063879000200406. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  4. Ferguson HW, Poppe T, Speare D: Severe heart disease in Norwegian Atlantic salmon. Proceedings from International Fish Health Conference. American Fisheries Society, Vancouver, B.C. 1988. Abstract p. 142.
  5. Ferguson HW, Rice DA, Lynas JK. Clinical pathology of myodegeneration (pancreas disease) in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Vet. Rec. 1986;119:297–299. doi: 10.1136/vr.119.12.297. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  6. Frantsi C, Savan M. infectious pancreatic necrosis virus. Temperature and age factors in mortality. J. Wildl. Dis. 1971;7:249–255. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  7. Grist NR, Bell EJ, Follett EAC, Urquhart GED: Diagnostic methods in clinical virology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford 1979.
  8. Hill BJ: infectious pancreatic necrosis virus and its virulence. In: Roberts RJ (ed.): Microbial diseases of fish. Academic Press, London 1982, pp 91–114.
  9. Hill BJ, Dixon PF. Studies on IPN virulence and immunization. Bull. Off. int. Épiz. 1977;87:297–299. [Google Scholar]
  10. Kent ML, Elston RA. Pancreas disease in penreared Atlantic salmon in North America. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Path. 1987;7:29–31. [Google Scholar]
  11. Krogsrud J, Håstein T, Rønningen K: Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus in Norwegian fish farms. Proceeding from the International Symposium on Viruses of Lower Vertebrates. Munich, FRG, 1988. Abstract no. 30.
  12. McVicar AH. Pancreas disease of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, in Scotland: Epidemiology and early pathology. Aquaculture. 1987;67:71–78. doi: 10.1016/0044-8486(87)90009-3. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  13. McVicar AH. Infection as primary cause of Pancreas disease in farmed Atlantic salmon. Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Path. 1990;10:84–87. [Google Scholar]
  14. Munro ALS, Ellis AE, McVicar AH, McLay HA, Needham EA. An exocrine pancreas disease of farmed Atlantic salmon in Scotland. Helgoländer Meeresunters. 1984;37:571–586. [Google Scholar]
  15. Poppe T, Rimstad E, Hyllseth B. Pancreas disease in atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) postsmolts infected with infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV) Bull. Eur. Ass. Fish Path. 1989;9:83–85. [Google Scholar]
  16. Reno PW, Darley S, Savan M. Infectious pancreatic necrosis: Experimental induction on of a carrier state in trout. J. Fish Res. Bd. Can. 1978;55:1451–1456. doi: 10.1139/f78-227. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  17. Roberts RJ, McKnight IJ. The pathology of infectious necrosis. II. Stress-mediated recurrence. Br. vet. J. 1976;132:209–213. doi: 10.1016/s0007-1935(17)34745-0. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  18. Swanson RN, Gillespie JH. Pathogenesis of infectious pancreatic necrosis in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). J. Fish Res. Bd. Can. 1979;36:587–591. doi: 10.1139/f79-084. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  19. Swanson RN, Carlisle JC, Gillespie JH. Pathogenesis of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus infection in brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), following intraperitoneal injection. J. Fish Dis. 1982;5:449–460. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.1982.tb00504.x. [DOI] [Google Scholar]
  20. Vestergård Jørgensen PE, Kehlet NP. Infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) viruses in Danish rainbow trout. Nord. Vet.-Med. 1971;23:568–575. [Google Scholar]
  21. Willumsen B, Brun E. Infeksiøs pancreasnekrose (IPN) hos større lakseyngel og smolt. (Infectious pancreatic necrosis in salmon parr and smolt). Norsk Vet-Tidsskr. 1988;100:900–901. [Google Scholar]
  22. Wolf K, Snieszko SF, Dunbar CE, Pyle E. Virus nature of infectious pancreatic necrosis in trout. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. (N.Y.) 1960;104:105–108. doi: 10.3181/00379727-104-25743. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  23. Wolf K: Fish viruses and fish viral diseases. Cornell University Press, London 1988, pp. 115–157.

Articles from Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica are provided here courtesy of BMC

RESOURCES