Summary of findings 2. Effect of medium‐dose alcohol compared to placebo.
| Effect of medium‐dose alcohol compared to placebo | |||
| Patient or population: adult participants Setting: ambulatory Intervention: medium‐dose alcohol (15 to 30 g) Comparison: placebo | |||
| Outcomes | Participants (RCTs) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Mean difference of medium‐dose alcohol compared to placebo* (95% CI) |
| Systolic blood pressure ‐ ≤ 6 hours | 149 (10) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderatea | ‐5.63 mmHg [‐8.3 to ‐3] |
| Systolic blood pressure ‐ 7 to 12 hours | 54 (4 ) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b,c | ‐3.2 mmHg [‐8.4 to 2] |
| Systolic blood pressure ‐ ≥ 13 hours | 66 (5) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | 0.6 mmHg [‐3.9 to 5.2] |
| Diastolic blood pressure ‐ ≤ 6 hours | 149 (10) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderatec | ‐4 mmHg [‐6 to ‐2] |
| Diastolic blood pressure ‐ 7 to 12 hours | 54 (4) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | ‐1.2 mmHg [‐4.3 to 1.9] |
| Diastolic blood pressure ‐ ≥ 13 hours | 66 (5) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderateb | 1.8 mmHg [‐0.9 to 4.5] |
| Heart rate ‐ ≤ 6 hours | 181 (12) | ⊕⊕⊕⊝ Moderatec | 4.6 bpm [3.1 to 6.1] |
| Heart rate ‐ 7 to 12 hours | 54 (4) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | 1.2 bpm [‐1.9 to 4.3] |
| Heart rate ‐ > 13 hours | 36 (3) | ⊕⊕⊝⊝ Lowa,b | 1.4 bpm [‐2.1 to 4.9] |
| * The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI). CI: confidence interval; RCT: randomised controlled trial. | |||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence. High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect. Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different. Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect. Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect. | |||
aUnclear risk of selection bias in more than one study.
b95% confidence interval around the effect estimate includes both appreciable benefit and appreciable harm.
cUnclear risk of selection bias and attrition bias in more than one study.