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Parameters of the phase 1 study, including a compliance, b arterial partial pressure of oxygen/fraction of inspiration O2 (PaO2/FiO2), c dead space volume/tidal volume (VD/VT), d alveolar-arterial partial pressure of oxygen difference (P(A-a)O2), e cardiac output (CO), and f stroke volume variation (SVV). PA, post-induction of anesthesia; PP, pneumoperitoneum (PP); numbers on the x-axis, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) values (cmH2O). *P< 0.05 versus the PP group
