Table 7.

Logistic prediction model for moderate to severe post-operative pain prediction score including clinically significant haematoma (He⁺⁺ADSS score) after CIED insertion (the most severe post-operative pain scores were used to perform the above analyses)

Variables	Beta (SE)	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
CSH	1.05 (0.27)	2.85 (1.67–4.87)	0.0001
Age <65 years	0.66 (0.15)	1.94 (1.44–2.61)	<0.0001
De novo surgery	0.47 (0.12)	1.60 (1.27–2.00)	<0.0001
BMI <20 kg/m2	0.55 (0.39)	1.72 (0.81–3.67)	0.15
Female sex	0.27 (0.13)	1.31 (1.02–1.69)	0.04

AUC of 0.62; 95% confidence interval 0.59–0.65. The BRUISE-Control He⁻⁻ADSS and He⁺⁺ADSS scores post-operative pain risk score were developed based on the final risk prediction model (He—CSH; A, age; D, de novo surgery; S, slim—BMI <20 kg/m²; and S, sex—female).

AUC, area under the curve; BMI, body mass index; CSH, clinically significant haematoma; CIED, cardiac implantable electronic device.