Table 1.
Currently reported cationic nanoparticle-based cancer vaccine formulations.
| Study Type | Antigen Source | Particle Type | Cationic Component | Type of Antigen | Molecular Adjuvant | Administration Route | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Murine | |||||||
| Preclinical | Ovalbumin | Liposomes | DOTAP | Peptide | Poly [I:C] | i.d. | [67] |
| Preclinical | TC-1 & Melanoma (B16-F10) |
Liposomes | DOTAP | Peptide | Poly [I:C] | i.d. | [29,68] |
| Preclinical | TC-1 & Melanoma (B16-OVA) |
Liposomes | DDA | Protein Peptide |
Poly [I:C] | i.p. | [69,70] |
| Preclinical | TC-1 | Liposomes | DOTAP | Peptide Lipopeptide |
n.a. | s.c. | [71,72,73,74,75] |
| Preclinical | Melanoma (B16-F10) |
Liposomes | DOTAP | Peptide | n.a. | s.c. | [76] |
| Preclinical | Hepatoma (Hepa 1–6) |
Liposomes | DOTAP | Tumor lysate | Poly [I:C] | i.p. | [77] |
| Preclinical | Glioma (GL261) |
Liposomes | TMAG | Tumor extract | n.a. | i.p. | [78] |
| Preclinical | Melanoma (B16-BL6) |
Liposomes | DOTMA | Plasmid DNA | Mannose | i.p. | [79] |
| Preclinical | Colon carcinoma (CT-26) |
Liposomes & w/o/w emulsion | DC-Chol | Peptide | Pam2Cys | p.o. | [80] |
| Preclinical | Melanoma (B16-F10 & BPD6) |
LCP nanoparticles |
DOTAP | Peptide mRNA |
Mannose CpG |
s.c. | [81,82,83] |
| Preclinical | Breast cancer | LCP nanoparticles |
DOTAP | mRNA | Mannose | s.c. | [84] |
| Preclinical | Colon carcinoma (CT-26) |
LCP nanoparticles |
DOTAP | mRNA | Mannose CpG cGAMP |
s.c. | [85] |
| Preclinical | Thymic lymphoma (E.G7-OVA) |
Lipid-polymer nanoparticles | DOTAP | Protein | Mannose Imiquimod MPLA |
s.c. | [86] |
| Preclinical | Thymic Lymphoma (E.G7-OVA) |
Lipid-polymer Nanoparticles |
Non disclosed lipid | mRNA | n.a. | i.v. | [87] |
| Preclinical | Ovalbumin | Polymer-based | Methacrylated dextran | Peptide | Poly [I:C] | i.d. | [30] |
| Preclinical | TC-1, Melanoma, Colon carcinoma (B16-OVA & CT-26) |
Lipoplexes | DOTMA | mRNA | n.a. | i.v. | [9,14] |
| Preclinical | Colon carcinoma (MC-38 & CT-26) | Lipoplexes | DOTMA | Peptide | CpG | i.v. & s.c. | [35] |
| Preclinical | Colon carcinoma (MC-38), Melanoma (B16-F10 & B16.OVA), TC-1 | Self-assembling nanoparticles | Amino acid sequence | Peptide | Imidazoquinoline- based TLR 7/8a | i.v. & s.c. | [33,34] |
| Human | |||||||
| Phase I | Melanoma | Lipoplexes | DOTMA | mRNA | n.a. | i.v. | [9] |
| Phase I | Prostate cancer | Liposomes | DDA | Peptide | Poly [I:C] | i.p. & i.m. | [88] |
| Phase I/IIa | Melanoma, NSCLC, Bladder cancer | Liposomes | DDA | Peptide | Poly [I:C] | i.p.& i.m. | [89] |
Abbreviations: LCP = lipid-Calcium-Phosphate, CpG = synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides containing CpG motifs, MPLA = monophosphoryl lipid A, TLR = toll-like receptor ligand, NSCLC = non-small-cell small lung cancer, i.d. = intradermal, i.v. = intravenous, i.p = intraperitoneal, s.c. = subcutaneous, i.m. = intramuscular, p.o. = oral.