Figure 3.

Effects of NAM, GSK-3 inhibition and HSPs on NK cell function. NAM induces the proliferation and homing of NK cells, while GSK-3 inhibition reduces checkpoint inhibitor transcription. HSPs are endogenous stress signals that induce an upregulation of NKG2C and both GSK-3 inhibition and HSPs induce a rise in TNF-α and IFN-γ levels. Abbreviations: CD, cluster of differentiation; HSP, heat shock protein; IFN-γ, interferon-γ; LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3; NAD, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide; NAM, nicotinamide; PD-1, programmed cell death protein 1; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor α.