Table 1.
Baseline Cohort Characteristics
| Factor | Unvaccinated | Received vaccination (any) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 7376) | (n = 7321) | ||
| Age, y | 64 (47, 73) | 71 (60, 75) | <.001 |
| Age category, y | <.001 | ||
| <65 | 3787 (51.3) | 2486 (34.0) | |
| 65–80 | 2776 (37.6) | 3819 (52.2) | |
| >80 | 813 (11.0) | 1016 (13.9) | |
| Male sex | 6766 (91.7) | 6777 (92.6) | .06 |
| Race | .004 | ||
| White | 5922 (80.3) | 5896 (80.5) | |
| Black | 832 (11.3) | 906 (12.4) | |
| Hispanic | 308 (4.2) | 271 (3.7) | |
| Other | 314 (4.3) | 248 (3.4) | |
| Current smoker | 529 (7.2) | 582 (7.9) | .07 |
| Alcohol abuse | 279 (3.8) | 310 (4.2) | .16 |
| Drug abuse | 183 (2.5) | 181 (2.5) | .97 |
| IBD type | .08 | ||
| CD | 2870 (38.9) | 2746 (37.5) | |
| UC | 4506 (61.1) | 4575 (62.5) | |
| IBD medication group | .005 | ||
| Mesalamine alone | 4026 (54.6) | 4022 (54.9) | |
| Thiopurine | 774 (10.5) | 793 (10.8) | |
| Anti-TNF alone | 1545 (20.9) | 1374 (18.8) | |
| Anti-TNF + IM | 296 (4.0) | 307 (4.2) | |
| Vedolizumab | 444 (6.0) | 529 (7.2) | |
| Ustekinumab | 79 (1.1) | 75 (1.0) | |
| Tofacitinib | 61 (0.8) | 49 (0.7) | |
| Methotrexate | 151 (2.0) | 172 (2.3) | |
| Steroid use | 414 (5.6) | 498 (6.8) | .003 |
| Obesity | 770 (10.4) | 986 (13.5) | <.001 |
| Hypertension | 3294 (44.7) | 4201 (57.4) | <.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1504 (20.4) | 2122 (29.0) | <.001 |
| Arrhythmia | 713 (9.7) | 1001 (13.7) | <.001 |
| Heart failure | 249 (3.4) | 412 (5.6) | <.001 |
| COPD | 866 (11.7) | 1150 (15.7) | <.001 |
| Renal failure | 372 (5.0) | 609 (8.3) | <.001 |
| Metastatic malignancy | 21 (0.3) | 53 (0.7) | <.001 |
| US region | <.001 | ||
| West | 1434 (19.4) | 1446 (19.8) | |
| Midwest | 1689 (22.9) | 1899 (25.9) | |
| Northeast | 972 (13.2) | 1213 (16.6) | |
| South | 3281 (44.5) | 2763 (37.7) |
NOTE. Data are presented as median (IQR) or as n (%).
COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; IM, immunomodulator.