Table 3.
Amino acid composition of different species belonging to the same genus.
| Genus | Species | Amino Acid Composition (% of Total Amino Acids or Protein) | Total Amino Acids or Protein (g/100 g Dry Matter) | Reference | |||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Val | Ile | Leu | Lys | Tyr | Thr | Phe | Trp | His | Met+Cys | Total EAA †† | Arg | Asp | Ser | Glu | Gly | Ala | Pro | ||||
| Apis * (P) | mellifera | 5.9 | 5.6 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 4.9 | 4.6 | 0.5 | ND | 2.7 | 1.0 | 40.3 | 5.6 | 8.6 | 4.9 | 20.5 | 6.1 | 7.1 | ND | 40.9 | [33] |
| cerana | 6.1 | 4.7 | 8.6 | 5.9 | 3.7 | 4.3 | 4.1 | ND | 2.5 | 4.7 | 44.6 | 4.9 | 12.3 | 4.7 | 10.4 | 7.2 | 9.6 | 6.6 | 51.2 | [34] | |
| dorsata | 5.7 | 4.4 | 8.5 | 5.7 | 3.3 | 4.4 | 3.9 | ND | 2.6 | 4.9 | 43.4 | 4.9 | 13.4 | 4.9 | 11.1 | 7.5 | 8.5 | 6.9 | 38.9 | ||
| florea | 5.9 | 4.8 | 9.3 | 6.5 | 4.5 | 4.8 | 4.8 | ND | 2.8 | 4.8 | 48.2 | 5.3 | 10.4 | 5.1 | 14.0 | 6.2 | 8.1 | 7.6 | 35.6 | [35] | |
| Bombus * (A) | ignitus | 7.0 | 5.7 | 9.3 | 6.1 | 3.0 | 2.3 | 2.7 | ND | 3.0 | 6.1 | 45.2 | 4.0 | 3.8 | 4.9 | 11.4 | 9.1 | 11.2 | 10.1 | 47.3 | [52] |
| terrestris | 6.3 | 5.0 | 8.1 | 7.8 | 3.1 | 2.3 | 3.1 | ND | 2.6 | 6.3 | 44.6 | 5.0 | 3.9 | 6.3 | 12.5 | 8.1 | 10.2 | 9.9 | 38.3 | ||
| Brachygastra (B) | azteca | 6.4 | 5.1 | 8.5 | 6.1 | 6.5 | 4.4 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 2.8 | 3.0 | 47.6 | 4.4 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 16.4 | 6.7 | 5.8 | 6.4 | 63.0 | [51] |
| mellifica | 5.4 | 4.4 | 7.8 | 3.6 | 7.5 | 4.4 | 4.0 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 3.8 | 45.2 | 5.7 | 8.6 | 4.2 | 16.0 | 6.7 | 6.1 | 7.1 | 53.0 | ||
| Polybia (B) | occidentalis nigratella | 5.9 | 4.5 | 7.8 | 7.4 | 5.6 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 0.7 | 3.0 | 5.0 | 47.2 | 5.7 | 8.4 | 4.5 | 12.9 | 7.1 | 6.5 | 6.3 | 61.0 | |
| parvulina | 6.1 | 4.7 | 7.8 | 7.3 | 5.9 | 4.1 | 3.4 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 5.3 | 48.7 | 5.7 | 7.8 | 4.4 | 13.3 | 7.2 | 6.4 | 6.5 | 61.0 | ||
| Polistes * | sagittarius | 6.6 | 5.5 | 7.8 | 4.4 | 5.0 | 4.2 | 5.0 | ND | 3.0 | 1.4 | 42.9 | 4.4 | 8.3 | 4.4 | 17.2 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 8.9 | 36.1 | [31] |
| sulcatus | 6.7 | 6.2 | 8.0 | 4.2 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 4.4 | ND | 2.4 | 2.0 | 43.0 | 4.0 | 7.3 | 4.4 | 15.3 | 8.9 | 8.9 | 8.0 | 45.0 | ||
| Vespa * (B) | velutina | 6.1 | 5.5 | 8.7 | 6.1 | 6.6 | 4.2 | 4.2 | ND | 3.2 | 2.4 | 47.0 | 4.5 | 6.3 | 4.5 | 20.1 | 6.3 | 5.5 | 6.1 | 37.9 | [32] |
| mandarinia | 6.3 | 5.7 | 8.7 | 6.3 | 7.3 | 4.3 | 4.3 | ND | 3.3 | 2.7 | 48.9 | 2.2 | 6.5 | 4.3 | 21.2 | 6.3 | 5.4 | 5.7 | 36.8 | ||
| basalis | 5.7 | 5.3 | 8.5 | 6.8 | 7.1 | 4.3 | 4.3 | ND | 3.2 | 1.4 | 46.6 | 4.3 | 6.4 | 4.3 | 22.1 | 5.7 | 5.0 | 5.7 | 28.1 | ||
| Vespa * (L) | basalis | 5.9 | 5.9 | 8.0 | 4.3 | 5.7 | 4.1 | 4.3 | ND | 2.5 | 2.1 | 42.8 | 3.9 | 7.7 | 4.3 | 17.1 | 8.2 | 7.7 | 8.4 | 43.9 | [31] |
| mandarinia mandarinia | 5.0 | 4.6 | 6.1 | 16.5 | 4.0 | 3.3 | 10.5 | ND | 2.1 | 0.8 | 52.9 | 3.3 | 6.3 | 3.4 | 13.2 | 6.3 | 6.5 | 7.9 | 52.2 | ||
| velutina auraria | 6.9 | 5.9 | 7.6 | 2.9 | 7.6 | 4.3 | 4.1 | ND | 3.1 | 2.9 | 45.3 | 6.3 | 9.2 | 6.5 | 12.0 | 8.0 | 7.1 | 5.9 | 49.0 | ||
| tropica duealis | 7.5 | 5.4 | 8.3 | 3.3 | 5.4 | 4.5 | 4.2 | ND | 1.4 | 1.2 | 41.2 | 7.1 | 10.1 | 5.0 | 13.4 | 8.7 | 7.8 | 6.6 | 42.4 | ||
| Sphenarium | histrio | 5.1 | 5.3 | 8.7 | 5.7 | 7.3 | 4.0 | 11.7 | 0.6 | 1.9 | 3.3 | 53.6 | 6.6 | 9.3 | 5.1 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 7.6 | 7.2 | 77.0 | [51] |
| purpurascens | 5.7 | 4.2 | 8.9 | 5.7 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 10.3 | 0.7 | 2.2 | 4.3 | 51.4 | 6.0 | 8.7 | 4.8 | 10.7 | 6.8 | 6.4 | 6.2 | 56.0 | ||
L = Larva, P = Pupa, A = Adult, B = Brood; ND = Not determined or not estimated; * Amino acid content (g/100 g dry matter) was obtained from the respective paper and recalculated as g/100 g of total amino acids or protein; †† EAA: Essential amino acids, we include essential amino acids (Val, Ile, Leu, Lys, Thr, Trp, Phe, His, Met) and two conditional essential amino acids (Tyr, Cys).