Figure 5.

The flight activity of An. stephensi and the response to visual objects with histamine (hist) priming or provisioning in a bloodmeal. (A) Wind tunnel with real-time tracking to quantify mosquito behavior to olfactory and visual cues. (Right) Top and side views of a mosquito trajectory investigating the visual object (black circle). (B) Occupancy maps of mosquito activity during filtered air (top) and CO₂ exposure (bottom). (C–E) Investigation of visual objects (C), flight activity (D), and flight velocities (E) of histamine-primed and control mosquitoes to filtered air and CO₂ treatments. * p < 0.05 (Wilcoxon rank test for C and D, t-test for E); (ns) denotes not significantly different (p > 0.05). (F–H) Mosquitoes provisioned with 10 nM histamine in a bloodmeal or control mosquitoes (no histamine in the bloodmeal) and their investigation of visual objects (F), flight activity (G), and flight velocities (H). * p < 0.05 (Wilcoxon rank test for F and G; t-test for H); (ns) denotes not significantly different (p > 0.05).