Figure 5.

Empagliflozin reduces NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improves postischemic contractile function. A, Representative Western blot illustrating that ischemia-reperfusion of isolated mouse hearts results in the activation of NLRP3 and TXNIP, an effect that is significantly reduced by empa or the late component of the cardiac sodium channel current inhibitor TTX. B and C, Grouped data from A (control: n=4; empa: n=5; TTX: n=6, 1-way ANOVA). D, LVDP at the baseline before (B20) and after (B40) drug treatment, at ischemia, and at 10, 20, 30 and 40 minutes reperfusion (R10, R20, R30, and R40). Two-way repeated-measures ANOVA during the reperfusion phase and 1-way ANOVA in the inset. B through D, Values represent mean±SEM. ***P<0.001, **P<0.01, *P<0.05. empa indicates empagliflozin; IR, ischemia-reperfusion; LVDP, left ventricular developed pressure; mw, molecular weight; NLRP3, nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3; TTX, tetrodotoxin; and TXNIP, thioredoxin-interacting protein.