Table 4.

Correlations between circulating TMAO concentrations with chronotype scores, age, BMI, WC, blood pressure, metabolic profile, and MEDAS-derived MD score.

Parameters	Circulating TMAO Concentrations (µM)		Chronotype Score
	r	p-Value	r	p-Value
Age (years)	−0.277	<0.001	0.361	<0.001
Anthropometric measurements
BMI (kg/m2)	0.842	<0.001	−0.746	<0.001
WC (cm)	0.785	<0.001	−0.670	<0.001
Blood pressure
SBP (mmHg)	0.357	<0.001	−0.286	0.003
DBP (mmHg)	0.245	0.013	−0.042	0.672
Metabolic profile
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	0.519	<0.001	−0.439	<0.001
Triglycerides (mg/dL)	0.253	<0.001	−0.175	0.006
Total cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.264	<0.001	−0.133	0.037
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	0.255	<0.001	−0.121	0.050
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	−0.261	<0.001	0.140	0.028
AST (U/L)	0.261	<0.001	−0.194	0.002
ALT (U/L)	0.195	0.002	−0.137	0.031
γGT (U/L)	0.320	<0.001	−0.297	<0.001
Nutritional parameter
MEDAS-derived MD score	−0.632	<0.001	0.525	<0.001

All parameters evaluated in this study were significantly associated with both circulating TMAO concentrations and the chronotype score. Correlations between variables were performed using Pearson r correlation coefficients. A p value in bold type denotes a significant difference (p < 0.05). BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TMAO, trimethylamine N-oxide; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; γGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; MEDAS, Mediterranean Diet Adherence Score; MD, Mediterranean diet.