Fig. 2.

Effect of RA on the inflammatory response in the AOM/DSS-induced CAC in vivo model. (A) Whole colonic tissues were stained using H&E. (B) The hyperplasia score and (C) inflammation score in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice were estimated. (D) Colonic muscle thickness was determined using the LAS software. Slide sections were scrutinized by microscopy. Magnification × 40 and × 100 inset. (E) The expression of COX-2 and iNOS was estimated by western blotting in triplicate, and relative protein level was measured by densitometric analysis using Image J. (F) Production of IL-6 was determined using an ELISA kit. Values are means ± standard deviations (n = 8); ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 compared with the control group; *P < 0.05, ^⁎⁎P < 0.01, ^⁎⁎⁎P < 0.001 compared with the AOM/DSS-induced CAC group; significances between treated groups were determined by analysis of variance and Dunnett's post hoc test.