Table 7.
Circular strategy at the product level.
| Product Level | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| References | R0 | R1 | R2 | R3 | R4 | R5 | R6 | R7 | R8 | R9 | Research |
| [4] | X | X | Bioplastic risk. | ||||||||
| [9] | X | LCA recycled plastic diesel fuel filter | |||||||||
| [26] | X | LCA of 3D printer FPF. | |||||||||
| [27] | X | Thermochemical conversion from landfill. | |||||||||
| [33] | X | Product design & eco-design packaging | |||||||||
| [35] | X | X | Single-use tableware. | ||||||||
| [50] | X | Agricultural polymer container pesticide residue. | |||||||||
| [53] | X | Thermal degradation of resource-separated plastics HHW. | |||||||||
| [54] | X | Thermal degradation of HHW in Denmark. | |||||||||
| [61] | X | Recycling potential in Denmark. | |||||||||
| [66] | X | Product design made from waste | |||||||||
| [67] | X | Biodegradable tableware | |||||||||
| [72] | X | Recycled product chemical safety on food packaging. | |||||||||
| [76] | X | PLA for novel packaging application. | |||||||||
| [89] | X | Cotton polyester textile recycling into a novel cellulose fibres. | |||||||||
| [96] | X | X | X | Comparison with upcycling plastic scrap. | |||||||
| [101] | X | X | Typology to measuring recyclates feedstock quality. | ||||||||
| [109] | X | X | Helicopter canopy lifecycle. | ||||||||
| [122] | X | Single-use infant feeding bottle. | |||||||||
| [127] | X | Biodegradable plastic product design. | |||||||||
| [138] | X | Thermo-chemical exploitation of plastic. | |||||||||
| [140] | X | Product design using sharing economy and IoT concept. | |||||||||
| [146] | X | Reusing secondary material from landfills to manufature bricks in Italy. | |||||||||
| [151] | X | Bricks made from plastic waste. | |||||||||
| [152] | X | Sequential pyrolysis and catalytic chemical vapour deposition of plastic waste. | |||||||||
| [153] | X | Bioplastic used in circular cosmetic dermatology and packaging. | |||||||||
| [157] | X | Chemical-ultrasonic treatment of Multilayer Flexible Packaging Waste (MFPW). | |||||||||
| [161] | X | Product policy and design measures of ICT. | |||||||||
| [172] | X | Decontamination of agrochemical. | |||||||||
| [183] | X | New products made from recycled polymer. | |||||||||
| [184] | X | Different approaches to recycled polymer use. | |||||||||
| [192] | X | Guidance to incorporate recycled plastics into new E&EE. | |||||||||
| [195] | X | X | Leveraging waste reclaimed from water. | ||||||||
| [197] | X | Construction products made from plastic. | |||||||||
| [203] | X | Societal challenge of plastic packaging. | |||||||||
| [210] | X | Innovative plastic product development for food packaging design. | |||||||||
| [221] | X | Car door material LCA.audit | |||||||||
| [223] | X | Literature review of bioplastic. | |||||||||
| [229] | X | Reusable plastic crates in Italy. | |||||||||
| [230] | X | Single-use black LCA plastic life cycle. | |||||||||
| [231] | X | Plastic food packaging development. | |||||||||
| [239] | X | eDIM (ease of disassembly matrix) using LCD Monitor. | |||||||||
| [240] | X | Circular construct on product implementation. | |||||||||
| [245] | X | Recycling plastic used in air purifiers. | |||||||||
| [257] | X | Upcycling using recyclebot. | |||||||||
| TOTAL | 6 | 2 | 1 | 4 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 35 | 1 | |
LEGEND: R0 = Refuse; R1 = Rethink; R2 = Reduce; R3 = Reuse; R4 = Repair; R5 = Refurbish; R6 = Remanufacture; R7 = Repurpose; R8 = Recycle; R9 = Recover.