Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

PURPOSE

As cancer surgery restarts after the first COVID-19 wave, health care providers urgently require data to determine where elective surgery is best performed. This study aimed to determine whether COVID-19–free surgical pathways were associated with lower postoperative pulmonary complication rates compared with hospitals with no defined pathway.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

This international, multicenter cohort study included patients who underwent elective surgery for 10 solid cancer types without preoperative suspicion of SARS-CoV-2. Participating hospitals included patients from local emergence of SARS-CoV-2 until April 19, 2020. At the time of surgery, hospitals were defined as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway (complete segregation of the operating theater, critical care, and inpatient ward areas) or no defined pathway (incomplete or no segregation, areas shared with patients with COVID-19). The primary outcome was 30-day postoperative pulmonary complications (pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, unexpected ventilation).

RESULTS

Of 9,171 patients from 447 hospitals in 55 countries, 2,481 were operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Patients who underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger with fewer comorbidities than those in hospitals with no defined pathway but with similar proportions of major surgery. After adjustment, pulmonary complication rates were lower with COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.2% v 4.9%; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). This was consistent in sensitivity analyses for low-risk patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists grade 1/2), propensity score–matched models, and patients with negative SARS-CoV-2 preoperative tests. The postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was also lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1% v 3.6%; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76).

CONCLUSION

Within available resources, dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways should be established to provide safe elective cancer surgery during current and before future SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks.

INTRODUCTION

During the initial phases of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, an estimated 2.3 million cancer operations worldwide were postponed because of the risk of in-hospital transmission.¹ Perioperative SARS-CoV-2 is associated with a high risk of pulmonary complications and death.^2-5 Elective surgical activity was reduced to increase critical care capacity for patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and to release surgical team members to support wider hospital responses.^6-8 However, some elective surgery for time-sensitive conditions continued, with prioritization of patients with resectable cancers at risk for progression and patients for whom alternative treatment modalities would be ineffective.^9-11

CONTEXT

• Key Objective

• Surgical providers have begun to create COVID-19–free surgical pathways in both separate elective hospitals and major acute hospitals in which elective operating room, critical care, and inpatient ward areas are not shared with patients with COVID-19. Major service redesign to provide these pathways is expensive and difficult; evidence is urgently needed to inform clinical practice.

• Knowledge Generated

• Our data demonstrated that pulmonary complication rates, SARS-CoV-2 infection rates, and mortality rates were consistently lower for patients within COVID-19–free surgical pathways. These findings persisted after risk adjustment, sensitivity analyses of low-risk patients and propensity score–matched groups, and patients who had a negative preoperative SARS-CoV-2 test. Differences in outcomes were observed in both high and low SARS-CoV-2 incidence areas.

• Relevance

• As health providers restart elective cancer surgery, they should prevent harm by investing in dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways tailored to local resources available.

Before the pandemic, most cancer surgery was performed in hospitals that also supported acute medical services.^12-14 Such hospitals have admitted patients with COVID-19 during the pandemic, increasing the risk of cross infection of elective surgery patients. To avoid this, some health care providers have established dedicated COVID-19–free surgical pathways, which deliver surgery, critical care, and inpatient ward care with no shared areas with patients with COVID-19.

Major reorganization of hospital services to provide COVID-19–free surgical pathways for elective cancer surgery needs to be justified because it will carry significant costs for providers and patients. Information is urgently required to determine whether these pathways reduce adverse postoperative outcomes. This study aimed to compare the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications after elective cancer operations in COVID-19–free surgical pathways and hospitals with no defined pathway.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Study Design and Protocol

This was an international, multicenter cohort study of adults who underwent elective cancer surgery. Local principal investigators were responsible for obtaining clinical audit, institutional review board, or ethical approval in line with local and national regulations. For example, in the United Kingdom, the study was registered as a clinical audit at each participating hospital, whereas in other countries, such as Saudi Arabia, nationwide ethics approval was granted. Data were collected online and stored on a secure data server running the Research Electronic Data Capture web application.¹⁵

Centers and Settings

Hospitals that performed elective cancer surgery in areas affected by the COVID-19 pandemic were eligible to participate. Enrollment of consecutive patients commenced from the date of admission of the first patient with SARS-CoV-2 to the participating hospital or, in the case of COVID-19–free surgical pathways in hospitals where no cases had been recorded, to the nearest hospital treating patients with COVID-19.

Each patient was classified as having undergone surgery within a COVID-19–free surgical pathway or with no defined pathway. To determine whether a COVID-19–free surgical pathway was used, an assessment was made of the operating room, critical care, and inpatient ward areas where each patient was treated. Patients were classified as being treated within a COVID-19–free pathway if there was a policy of complete segregation in all three areas away from patients with COVID-19. Patients were classified as being treated within no defined pathway if in any one of these areas was shared with patients with COVID-19. The classification was based on whether there was a policy of segregation in place rather than whether individual elective patients came into contact with patients with COVID-19 because asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection is common, so contact with an infectious patient was possible even if this was not known at the time. COVID-19–free surgical pathways could be provided by hospitals that only provided elective care, including specialized units set up during the pandemic. Alternatively, they could be provided by acute hospitals that designated separate COVID-19–free areas and COVID-19 treatment areas to ensuring that there were no shared areas. In any particular hospital, it was possible that some patients were treated within a COVID-19–free surgical pathway, whereas others had no defined pathway (eg, where a COVID-19–free surgical pathway was introduced part way through the study inclusion period), and our patient-level classification captured this. Figure 1 shows examples of COVID-19–free surgical pathways and no defined pathways.

FIG 1.

Differences between hospitals with a coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–free surgical pathway and hospitals with no defined pathway. COVID-19–free surgical pathways: complete segregation of operating room, critical care, and inpatient ward areas for elective cancer surgery away from patients being treated for COVID-19. No defined pathways: hospitals where there was mixing of patients who were undergoing treatment for COVID-19 and elective surgical patients in any operating room, critical care, or inpatient ward area. ICU, intensive care unit.

Surgical Pathway Components

To better understand health system responses to the COVID-19 pandemic, additional data points were introduced on April 2, 2020, to capture data on individual components of the surgical pathway (operating room, critical care, inpatient ward). These were completed for consecutive patients after this date.

Patients and Procedures

Adult patients (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent elective surgery with curative intent for a suspected cancer were included from emergence of COVID-19 up to April 19, 2020. Patients were identified preoperatively from multidisciplinary team (MDT) meeting (or tumor board) lists and the subsequent operation location identified by the operating surgeon. Patients were followed up to postoperative day 30, with the day of surgery being day 0. All consecutive patients who underwent eligible surgery were included (Data Supplement, online only). Eligible cancers included colorectal, esophagogastric, head and neck (oral, oropharyngeal, laryngeal, hypopharyngeal, salivary, thyroid, paranasal sinus, skin), thoracic (lung, pleural, mediastinal, chest wall), hepatopancreatobiliary (liver, pancreatic), urologic (prostate, bladder, renal), gynecologic (uterine, ovarian, cervical, vulvar, vaginal), and breast as well as sarcoma (soft tissue, bony) and intracranial malignancies (Data Supplement). Participating centers could contribute data for either single or multiple cancers depending on local services and capacity.¹⁶ Patients who had clinical symptoms consistent with COVID-19 or who were confirmed to have SARS-CoV-2 infection (by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and/or positive thoracic computed tomography [CT] imaging performed within 72 hours before surgery) at the time of surgery were excluded.

Data Variables

To account for different tumor grading and staging systems across solid cancers, disease status was classified as early stage (organ confined, non-nodal, nonmetastatic, fully resectable) or advanced stage (growth beyond organ, nodal, metastatic operated with curative intent). Full definitions are provided in the Data Supplement. Grade of surgery was categorized on the basis of the Clinical Coding & Schedule Development Group as either minor (minor/intermediate) or major (major/complex major).^17,18 Preoperative testing was defined as a swab test and/or thoracic CT imaging performed in the 72 hours before surgery to confirm SARS-CoV-2 status.

Outcome Measures

The primary outcome measure was the rate of postoperative pulmonary complications within 30 days after surgery. This included pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and/or unexpected postoperative ventilation (Data Supplement¹⁹). The secondary outcomes were postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and mortality within 30 days after surgery. Postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection was defined as a positive swab, positive thoracic CT imaging, or a clinical diagnosis of symptomatic COVID-19 in patients for whom these tests were unavailable.

Community SARS-CoV-2 Incidence

The community SARS-CoV-2 incidence within each participating hospital’s local community was extracted from WHO,²⁰ European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control,²¹ or US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention²² statistics. SARS-CoV-2 incidence was calculated for 2-week windows in March and April 2020 on the basis of the number of confirmed SARS-CoV-2 cases at the smallest available administrative level (city, region, or country).²³ Hospitals were classified as being in communities with either low (< 25 cases per 100,000 population) or high (≥ 25 cases per 100,000 population) SARS-CoV-2 incidence (Data Supplement).

Data Integrity

Previous international outcomes studies have achieved > 95% case ascertainment and > 98% data accuracy during external validation.²⁴ We identified low-volume centers (predefined as five or fewer patients per participating specialty) and asked local principal investigators to confirm case ascertainment against MDT records. If a specialty within a hospital was found to have incomplete case ascertainment, any data entered from this specialty were excluded from analysis.

Statistical Analysis

The study was conducted according to Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology²⁵ and reported according to Statistical Analyses and Methods in the Published Literature.²⁶ Nonparametric data were summarized with medians and interquartile ranges, and differences between groups were tested using the Mann-Whitney U test. The χ² test was used for categorical data. Missing data were included in flowcharts and summary tables, which allowed denominators to remain consistent in calculations.

Bayesian univariable and multivariable mixed-effects logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs. Clinically plausible patient-, disease-, operation-, and location-specific factors were selected a priori for inclusion in adjusted analyses to identify independent predictors of postoperative pulmonary complications (primary outcome). Country was included as a random effect in both the unadjusted and the adjusted models. An exploratory analysis was conducted of the association between components of the COVID-19–free surgical pathway and the primary outcome measure. Analyses were carried out using R version 3.1.1 packages finalfit, tidyverse, and BRMS²⁷ (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria; Data Supplement).

Sensitivity Analyses

We anticipated a selection bias, with lower-risk patients being more likely to be treated within COVID-19–free surgical pathways. To account for this risk of bias, we explored differences in the postoperative pulmonary complications stratified by three common risk factors (age, sex, and American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] grade); performed a sensitivity analysis for pulmonary complications, including low-risk (ASA grade 1 or 2) patients only; and performed propensity score matching using a nearest neighbor method, including patients within COVID-19–free surgical pathways in a 1:1 ratio with those with no defined pathway (Data Supplement). To exclude a potential confounding effect of presymptomatic carriage of SARS-CoV-2 in the association between hospital type and the primary outcome, we performed a further sensitivity analysis that included only patients with a negative preoperative SARS-CoV-2 swab test.

RESULTS

Patients and Procedures

At the time of this analysis (June 15, 2020), a total 9,171 patients from 445 hospitals were included. These patients were from the United Kingdom (29.2%; 2,679 patients), Italy (17.3%; 1,583 patients), Spain (8.3%; 764 patients), United States (6.3%; 574 patients), and 50 other countries. Overall, 39.2% of patients (3,698) were male, 17.9% (1,644) were age < 50 years, and 8.3% (761) were age ≥ 80 years. Complete baseline patient, disease, and operative characteristics are listed in Table 1.

TABLE 1.

Characteristics of Patients Treated Within COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways and With No Defined Pathway

A total of 2,481 patients (27.1%) underwent surgery within COVID-19–free surgical pathways, and 6,689 (72.9%) underwent surgery within no defined pathway. Patients in COVID-19–free surgical pathways were younger, had fewer comorbidities, and had better performance scores. Major surgery accounted for 75.6% (1,866 of 2,481) of operations in COVID-19–free surgical pathways and 77.7% (5,179 of 6,689) where there was no defined pathway; a full list of operations performed is provided in the Data Supplement. The missing data rates were low (Data Supplement). Changes in local SARS-CoV-2 incidence over the study period are listed in the Data Supplement.

Preoperative Testing

Overall, 27.0% (2,473 of 9,409) of patients underwent preoperative SARS-CoV-2 testing; 75.9% (1,878 of 2,473) of these were performed using a swab test. The preoperative testing rate was higher in COVID-19–free surgical pathways versus no defined pathway (39.1% [970] v 22.5% [1,503]; P < .0001).

Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

The overall 30-day pulmonary complication rate was 4.2% (385 of 9,171), which was lower for patients within a COVID-19–free surgical pathway than within no defined pathway (2.2% [55 of 2,481] v 4.9% [329 of 6,689]; unadjusted OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.66). After adjustment, surgery in a COVID-19–free surgical pathway remained associated with a lower postoperative pulmonary complication rate (adjusted OR [aOR], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.86). Older age, male sex, ASA grades 3-5, poorer performance status, higher cardiac risk, preexisting respiratory disease, advanced disease stage, major surgery, esophagogastric surgery, and surgery in high SARS-CoV-2 incidence areas were also associated with a greater odds of pulmonary complications (Fig 2; Table 2; Data Supplement).

FIG 2.

Factors associated with postoperative pulmonary complications after elective cancer surgery, including data from 8,971 patients with complete data. See Data Supplement for the full model, details around missing data, and full definitions. ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; BMI, body mass index; COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group; OR, odds ratio; RCRI, Revised Cardiac Risk Index; SARS-CoV-2, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2.

TABLE 2.

Comparison of Patients With and Without Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

Sensitivity Analyses

Postoperative pulmonary complication rates stratified by age, sex, and ASA grade in hospitals with and without COVID-19–free surgical pathways are shown in the Data Supplement. In a sensitivity analysis including only low-risk patients (n = 6,489), COVID-19–free surgical pathways remained associated with a reduced odds of pulmonary complications (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.93; Data Supplement).

Propensity score matching created well-balanced groups (Data Supplement), with 2,449 patients within COVID-19–free surgical pathways matched to 2,449 with no defined pathway. After adjustment, surgery within a COVID-19–free surgical pathway was associated with a lower odds of pulmonary complications (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44 to 0.96; Data Supplement). In a sensitivity analysis including only patients with a negative preoperative SARS-CoV-2 test (n = 2,447), again a COVID-19–free surgical pathway was associated with lower pulmonary complication rates (aOR, 0.52; 95% CI, 0.29 to 0.91; Data Supplement).

Surgical Pathway Components

Consecutive data were available for 4,505 patients. Of these, 45.6% (2,053) were classified as having a COVID-19–free surgical pathway. Of 2,451 patients with no defined pathway, 86.5% (2,120) had an operating room, 21.5% (526) a critical care area, and 59.8% (1,466) had a ward space shared with patients with COVID-19. Treatment in both a COVID-19–free ward and a critical care area (aOR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.24 to 0.77) or a complete COVID-19–free surgical pathway (aOR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.17 to 0.54) was significantly associated with a lower odds of pulmonary complications versus treatment in shared operating room, critical care, and ward areas (Data Supplement).

Postoperative SARS-CoV-2 Infection

The overall rate of postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection was 3.2% (291 of 9,171). A majority was confirmed with a swab test (85.6%; 249 of 291). The SARS-CoV-2 infection rate was lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (2.1%; 53 of 2,481) than with no defined pathway (3.6%; 238 of 6,820; aOR, 0.53; 95% CI, 0.36 to 0.76). This was consistent in a sensitivity analysis with swab testing only (aOR, 0.44; 95% CI, 0.28 to 0.68; Data Supplement) and was consistent across hospitals in high (3.9% v 8.2%) and low SARS-CoV-2 incidence areas (1.6% v 3.1%; Table 3). SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with increased pulmonary complication rates compared with patients without infection (33.8% [130 of 385] v 1.8% [161 of 8,786]; OR, 29.78; 95% CI, 22.4 to 39.6).

TABLE 3.

Clinical Outcomes for Patients Who Underwent Surgery in a COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathway Versus No Defined Pathway Split by Low Versus High Community SARS-CoV-2 Incidence

Postoperative Mortality

The overall postoperative mortality rate was 1.5% (134 of 9,115). Mortality was higher in patients with pulmonary complications (OR, 25.64; 95% CI, 17.63 to 36.67) and in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection (OR, 29.34; 95% CI, 20.13 to 43.04). It was lower in patients operated on in COVID-19–free surgical pathways (OR, 0.45; 95% CI, 0.25 to 0.78). Of the 30-day deaths, 49.3% (66 of 134) were associated with pulmonary complications, and 44.0% (59 of 134) were associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection (Fig 3). Mortality was higher after pulmonary complications in patients with SARS-CoV-2 (30.8%; 40 of 130) than in patients without infection with pulmonary complications (10.7%; 26 of 244).

FIG 3.

Rates of pulmonary complications, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and death in hospitals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–free surgical pathways v those with no defined pathway. Pulmonary complications were defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and/or unexpected postoperative ventilation.

DISCUSSION

This study identified that postoperative pulmonary complication rates were lower for patients in COVID-19–free surgical pathways during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Despite a tendency for lower-risk surgeries to be performed in these pathways, effects persisted after risk adjustment, sensitivity analyses, and propensity score matching. The advantage of COVID-19–free pathways was also seen in patients with a negative SARS-CoV-2 test preoperatively. Older patients, males, and patients with cardiorespiratory comorbidities were consistently at greater risk of adverse outcomes. Mortality was primarily driven by pulmonary complications, which was low in COVID-19–free surgical pathways and high with postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Overall, these data support major international redesign of surgical services, based on local available resources, to provide elective cancer surgery in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. While the greatest effect size was seen in areas of high SARS-CoV-2 incidence, there was also a significant difference in outcomes in low-incidence areas. Setup of COVID-19–free pathways is therefore likely to be justified during the end phases of current lockdowns in preparation for future wave.

It is likely that differences in SARS-CoV-2 transmission rates are responsible for differences in pulmonary complications between hospitals with COVID-19–free surgical pathways and those with no defined pathway. First, the rate of postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection was consistently lower in COVID-19–free surgical pathways. Second, SARS-CoV-2 infection was associated with a very high rate of pulmonary complications. Third, the benefit of COVID-19–free pathways was greatest in high SARS-CoV-2 incidence areas. Finally, the effect size increased in proportion with the number of COVID-19–free components of the surgical pathway. The overall preoperative testing rate was low (27.0%), and testing was not associated with lower pulmonary complication rates in the main model. Furthermore, in a sensitivity analysis for patients with a negative preoperative swab test, the benefit of COVID-19–free pathways persisted.

Although we defined COVID-19–free pathways in the Protocol, the exact nature varied across this pragmatic study. For example, we did not include elective and emergency admission areas or the perioperative recovery room in the definition of center status. Patients with comorbidities and who are elderly will still need to undergo surgery in major acute hospitals because of resource availability (eg, critical care, interventional radiology, multispecialty operations), and these hospitals are likely to continue to admit patients with COVID-19. COVID-19–free pathways must be robustly quality assured within these settings. Detailed evaluations of additional in-hospital measures to reduce SARS-CoV-2 exposure, including serial preoperative testing, personal protective equipment, drug prophylaxis, staff testing, and perioperative isolation, are still required.

The overall mortality rate with pulmonary complications (17.2%) is higher than would be expected compared with prepandemic rates.^22-27,28 Data from elective and emergency surgical patients have shown high mortality associated with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection, which is consistent with our series.⁵ This information should be used routinely as part of informed consent for elective surgery.

There were limitations to this study. First, the risk of selection bias in COVID-19–free surgical pathways was accounted for through risk adjustment and planned sensitivity analyses. Despite this, COVID-19–free pathways may have been better resourced, and there may have been residual bias. However, establishing COVID-19–free areas did not seem to be determined by resource availability alone; patients were operated on in these pathways in 27 of 37 countries in which five or more centers participated. Second, we included swab, CT, and clinical diagnoses of COVID-19 in the definition of postoperative SARS-CoV-2 infection to reflect variable access to testing during early phases of the pandemic.^29,30 However, only 14.4% of patients infected had a CT or clinical diagnosis, which minimizes the risk of incorrect diagnosis. Third, borderline operable cancers and high-risk patients may not have been offered surgery during the pandemic, so the potential benefits of COVID-19–free surgical pathways may be even greater for this group.^31,32 Fourth, there is a possibility of incomplete case ascertainment, although we implemented a number of strategies to minimize this.

COVID-19–free surgical pathways and entirely separate elective surgery hospitals may lead to unintended consequences that include reduction in capacity for other health conditions. These consequences will need to be monitored at a whole-system level.

Appendix

Author List (PubMed-citable)

Writing Group (*Denotes joint first author)

James C Glasbey* (UK), Dmitri Nepogodiev* (UK), Joana FF Simoes* (Portugal), Omar Omar* (UK), Elizabeth Li* (UK), Mary L Venn* (UK), Mohammad Abou Chaar (Jordan), Vita Capizzi (Italy), Daoud Chaudhry (UK), Anant Desai (UK), Jonathan G Edwards (UK), Jonathan P Evans (UK), Marco Fiore (Italy), Jose Flavio Videria (Portugal), Samuel J Ford (UK), Ian Ganyli (USA), Ewen A Griffiths (UK), Rohan R Gujjuri (UK), Angelos G Kolias (UK), Haytham MA Kaafarani (USA), Ana Minaya-Bravo (Spain), Siobhan C McKay (UK), Helen M Mohan (Ireland), Keith Roberts (UK), Carlos San Miguel-Méndez (Spain), Peter Pockney (Australia), Richard Shaw (UK), Neil J Smart (UK), Grant D Stewart (UK), Sudha Sundar (UK), Raghavan Vidya (UK), Aneel A Bhangu (UK, overall guarantor).

Statistical Analysis

James C Glasbey, Omar Omar (Lead statistician), Aneel A Bhangu

CovidSurg Operations Committee

Kwabena Siaw-Acheampong, Ruth A Benson, Edward Bywater, Daoud Chaudhry, Brett E Dawson, Jonathan P Evans, James C Glasbey, Rohan R Gujjuri, Emily Heritage, Conor S Jones, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Chetan Khatri, Rachel A Khaw, James M Keatley, Andrew Knight, Samuel Lawday, Elizabeth Li, Harvinder S Mann, Ella J Marson, Kenneth A McLean, Siobhan C McKay, Emily C Mills, Dmitri Nepogodiev, Gianluca Pellino, Maria Picciochi, Elliott H Taylor, Abhinav Tiwari, Joana FF Simoes, Isobel M Trout, Mary L Venn, Richard JW Wilkin, Aneel A Bhangu.

International Cancer Leads (*Denotes specialty Principal Investigators)

James C Glasbey (Chair); Colorectal: Neil J Smart*, Ana Minaya-Bravo*, Jonathan P Evans, Gaetano Gallo, Susan Moug, Francesco Pata, Peter Pockney, Salomone Di Saverio, Abigail Vallance, Dale Vimalchandran; Oesophagogastric: Ewen A Griffiths*, Sivesh K Kamarajah, Richard PT Evans, Philip Townend; Hepatopancreatobilary: Keith Roberts*, Siobhan McKay*, John Isaac, Sohei Satoi; Thoracic: John Edwards*, Aman S Coonar, Adrian Marchbank, Edward J Caruana, Georgia R Layton, Akshay Patel, Alessandro Brunelli; Sarcoma: Samuel Ford*, Anant Desai*, Alessandro Gronchi*, Marco Fiore, Max Almond, Fabio Tirotta, Sinziana Dumitra; Neurosurgery: Angelos Kolias*, Stephen J Price, Daniel M Fountain, Michael D Jenkinson, Peter Hutchinson, Hani J Marcus, Rory J Piper, Laura Lippa, Franco Servadei, Ignatius Esene, Christian Freyschlag, Iuri Neville, Gail Rosseau, Karl Schaller, Andreas K Demetriades, Faith Robertson, Alex Alamri; Head and neck: Richard Shaw*, Andrew G Schache, Stuart C Winter, Michael Ho, Paul Nankivell, Juan Rey Biel, Martin Batstone, Ian Ganly; Breast: Raghavan Vidya*, Alex Wilkins, Jagdeep K Singh, Dinesh Thekinkattil; Gynaecology: Sudha Sundar*, Christina Fotopoulou*, Elaine Leung, Tabassum Khan, Luis Chiva, Jalid Sehouli, Anna Fagotti, Paul Cohen, Murat Gutelkin, Rahel Ghebre, Thomas Konney, Rene Pareja, Rob Bristow, Sean Dowdy, TS Shylasree, R Kottayasamy Seenivasagam, Joe Ng, Keiiji Fujiwara; Urology: Grant D Stewart*, Benjamin Lamb, Krishna Narahari, Alan McNeill, Alexandra Colquhoun, John McGrath, Steve Bromage, Ravi Barod, Veeru Kasivisvanathan, Tobias Klatte.

Dissemination Committee

Joana FF Simoes (Chair); Tom EF Abbott, Sadi Abukhalaf, Michel Adamina, Adesoji O Ademuyiwa, Arnav Agarwal, Murat Akkulak, Ehab Alameer, Derek Alderson, Felix Alakaloko, Markus Albertsmeiers, Osaid Alser, Muhammad Alshaar, Sattar Alshryda, Alexis P Arnaud, Knut Magne Augestad, Faris Ayasra, José Azevedo, Brittany K Bankhead-Kendall, Emma Barlow, David Beard, Ruth A Benson, Ruth Blanco-Colino, Amanpreet Brar, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Kerry A Breen, Chris Bretherton, Igor Lima Buarque, Joshua Burke, Edward J Caruana, Mohammad Chaar, Sohini Chakrabortee, Peter Christensen, Daniel Cox, Moises Cukier, Miguel F Cunha, Giana H Davidson, Anant Desai, Salomone Di Saverio, Thomas M Drake, John G Edwards, Muhammed Elhadi, Sameh Emile, Shebani Farik, Marco Fiore, J Edward Fitzgerald, Samuel Ford, Tatiana Garmanova, Gaetano Gallo, Dhruv Ghosh, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Gustavo Grecinos, Ewen A Griffiths, Madalegna Gründl, Constantine Halkias, Ewen M Harrison, Intisar Hisham, Peter J Hutchinson, Shelley Hwang, Arda Isik, Michael D Jenkinson, Pascal Jonker, Haytham MA Kaafarani, Debby Keller, Angelos Kolias, Schelto Kruijff, Ismail Lawani, Hans Lederhuber, Sezai Leventoglu, Andrey Litvin, Andrew Loehrer, Markus W Löffler, Maria Aguilera Lorena, Maria Marta Modolo, Piotr Major, Janet Martin, Hassan N Mashbari, Dennis Mazingi, Symeon Metallidis, Ana Minaya-Bravo, Helen M Mohan, Rachel Moore, David Moszkowicz, Susan Moug, Joshua S Ng-Kamstra, Mayaba Maimbo, Ionut Negoi, Milagros Niquen, Faustin Ntirenganya, Maricarmen Olivos, Kacimi Oussama, Oumaima Outani, Marie Dione Parreno-Sacdalanm, Francesco Pata, Carlos Jose Perez Rivera, Thomas D Pinkney, Willemijn van der Plas, Peter Pockney, Ahmad Qureshi, Dejan Radenkovic, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Keith Roberts, April C Roslani, Martin Rutegård, Juan José Segura-Sampedro, Irène Santos, Sohei Satoi, Raza Sayyed, Andrew Schache, Andreas A Schnitzbauer, Justina O. Seyi-Olajide, Neil Sharma, Richard Shaw, Sebastian Shu, Kjetil Soreide, Antonino Spinelli, Grant D Stewart, Malin Sund, Sudha Sundar, Stephen Tabiri, Philip Townend, Georgios Tsoulfas, Gabrielle H van Ramshorst, Raghavan Vidya, Dale Vimalachandran, Oliver J Warren, Duane Wedderburn, Naomi Wright, EuroSurg, European Society of Coloproctology (ESCP), Global Initiative for Children’s Surgery (GICS), GlobalSurg, GlobalPaedSurg, ItSURG, PTSurg, SpainSurg, Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR), Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT), Irish Surgical Research Collaborative (ISRC), Transatlantic Australasian Retroperitoneal Sarcoma Working Group (TARPSWG), Italian Society of Surgical Oncology (SICO).

Collaborating Authors (*Denotes Site Principal Investigators)

Argentina: Allemand C, Boccalatte L*, Figari M, Lamm M, Larrañaga J, Marchitelli C, Noll F*, Odetto D, Perrotta M, Saadi J, Zamora L (Hospital Italiano De Buenos Aires); Alurralde C, Caram EL, Eskinazi D*, Mendoza JP, Usandivaras M (Sanatorio 9 De Julio Sa); Badra R, Esteban A, García JS, García PM, Gerchunoff JI, Lucchini SM*, NIgra MA, Vargas L (Sanatorio Allende).

Armenia: Hovhannisyan T*, Stepanyan A* (Nairi Medical Center).

Australia: Gould T, Gourlay R*, Griffiths B (Calvary Mater Newcastle); Gananadha S*, McLaren M (Canberra Hospital); Cecire J, Joshi N, Salindera S*, Sutherland A (Coffs Harbour Health Campus); Ahn JH, Charlton G, Chen S, Gauri N, Hayhurst R, Jang S, Jia F, Mulligan C, Yang W, Ye G, Zhang H (Concord Repatriation General Hospital); Ballal M, Gibson D, Hayne D, Moss J*, Richards T, Viswambaram P, Vo UG* (Fiona Stanley Hospital); Bennetts J*, Bright T*, Brooke-Smith M*, Fong R, Gricks B, Lam YH, Ong BS, Szpytma M, Watson D (Flinders Medical Centre); Bagraith K, Caird S, Chan E, Dawson C, Ho D, Jeyarajan E, Jordan S, Lim A, Nolan GJ, Oar A, Parker D, Puhalla H, Quennell A, Rutherford L, Townend P*, Von Papen M, Wullschleger M (Gold Coast University Hospital); Blatt A*, Cope D, Egoroff N, Fenton M, Gani J, Lott N, Pockney P*, Shugg N (John Hunter Hospital); Elliott M, Phung D (Lifehouse); Phan D, Townend D* (Lismore Base Hospital); Bong C, Gundara J* (Logan Hospital); Frankel A* (Princess Alexandra Hospital); Bowman S*, Guerra GR (Queen Elizabeth II Jubilee Hospital); Bolt J, Buddingh K, Dudi-Venkata NN, Jog S, Kroon HM*, Sammour T, Smith R, Stranz C (Royal Adelaide Hospital); Batstone M*, Lah K*, McGahan W*, Mitchell D*, Morton A, Pearce A, Roberts M*, Sheahan G*, Swinson B (Royal Brisbane And Women’s Hospital); Alam N, Banting S, Chong L, Choong P*, Clatworthy S, Foley D, Fox A, Hii MW, Knowles B, Mack J, Read M, Rowcroft A, Ward S*, Wright G* (St Vincent’s Hospital).

Austria: Lanner M* (Kardinal Schwarzenberg Klinikum); Königsrainer I* (Landeskrankenhaus Feldkirch); Bauer M, Freyschlag C, Kafka M, Messner F, Öfner D*, Tsibulak I (Medical University Of Innsbruck); Emmanuel K, Grechenig M, Gruber R, Harald M, Öhlberger L, Presl J*, Wimmer A (Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg).

Azerbaijan: Namazov İ, Samadov E (Leyla Medical Center).

Barbados: Barker D, Boyce R, Corbin S, Doyle A, Eastmond A, Gill R, Haynes A, Millar S, O’Shea M, Padmore G*, Paquette N, Phillips E, St. John S, Walkes K (Queen Elizabeth Hospital).

Belgium: Flamey N, Pattyn P* (Az Delta); Oosterlinck W*, Van den Eynde J, Van den Eynde R (Uz Leuven).

Brazil: Gatti A*, Nardi C, Oliva R (Hospital Geral De Pirajussara); De Cicco R* (Instituto De Câncer Dr Arnaldo Vieira De Carvalho); Cecconello I, Gregorio P, Pontual Lima L, Ribeiro Junior U, Takeda F*, Terra RM* (Instituto Do Câncer De Estado De São Paulo).

Bulgaria: Sokolov M* (University Hospital Alexandrovska).

Canada: Kidane B*, Srinathan S (Health Sciences Centre); Boutros M*, Caminsky N, Ghitulescu G, Jamjoum G, Moon J, Pelletier J, Vanounou T, Wong S (Jewish General Hospital); Boutros M*, Dumitra S, Kouyoumdjian A (Mcgill University Health Center); Johnston B*, Russell C (Saint John Regional Hospital); Boutros M*, Demyttenaere S*, Garfinkle R (St. Mary’s Hospital); Abou-Khalil J, Nessim C*, Stevenson J (The Ottawa Hospital).

Chile: Heredia F* (Clínica Universitaria De Concepción).

Colombia: Almeciga A*, Fletcher A*, Merchan A* (Centro De Investigaciones Oncológicas Clínica San Diego - Ciosad); Puentes LO* (Hospital San José); Mendoza Quevedo J* (Subred Sur Occidente De Kennedy (Hospital De Kennedy)).

Croatia: Bačić G, Karlović D, Kršul D, Zelić M* (University Hospital Center Rijeka); Luksic I*, Mamic M (University Hospital Dubrava); Bakmaz B, Ćoza I, Dijan E, Katusic Z, Mihanovic J*, Rakvin I (Zadar General Hospital).

Cyprus: Frantzeskou K, Gouvas N*, Kokkinos G, Papatheodorou P, Pozotou I, Stavrinidou O, Yiallourou A* (Nicosia General Hospital).

Czechia: Martinek L, Skrovina M*, Szubota I (Hospital & Oncological Centre Novy Jicin); Žatecký J* (Slezská Nemocnice V Opavě, P.o.); Javurkova V, Klat J* (University Hospital Ostrava).

Denmark: Avlund T, Christensen P*, Harbjerg JL, Iversen LH, Kjaer DW, Kristensen HØ, Mekhael M (Aarhus University Hospital); Ebbehøj AL, Krarup P, Schlesinger N, Smith H* (Bispebjerg Hospital).

Egypt: Abdelsamed A, Azzam AY*, Salem H*, Seleim A (Al Azhar University Hospitals); Abdelmajeed A, Abdou M, Abosamak NE, AL Sayed M, Ashoush F*, Atta R, Elazzazy E, Elhoseiny M, Elnemr M, Elqasabi MS, Elsayed Hewalla ME, Elsherbini I, Essam E, Eweda M, Ghallab I, Hassan E, Ibrahim M, Metwalli M, Mourad M, Qatora MS, Ragab M, Sabry A*, Saifeldin H, Saleh Mesbah Mohamed Elkaffas M, Samih A, Samir Abdelaal A, Shehata S*, Shenit K (Alexandria Main University Hospital); Attia D, Kamal N, Osman N* (Alexandria Medical Research Institute); Abbas AM*, Abd Elazeem HAS, Abdelkarem MM, Alaa S*, Ali AK, Ayman A, Azizeldine MG, Elkhayat H*, M.elghazaly S, Monib FA, Nageh MA, Saad MM*, Salah M, Shahine M*, Yousof EA, Youssef A (Assiut University Hospital); Eldaly A* (El-Menshawy Hospital); ElFiky M*, Nabil A (Kasr Alainy Faculty Of Medicine, Cairo University); Amira G, Sallam I*, Sherief M, Sherif A (Misr Cancer Center); Abdelrahman A, Aboulkassem H, Ghaly G*, Hamdy R, Morsi A, Salem H*, Sherif G (National Cancer Institute); Abdeldayem H, Abdelkader Salama I*, Balabel M, Fayed Y, Sherif AE* (National Liver Institute, Menoufia University).

Ethiopia: Bekele D* (Maddawalabu University Goba Referral Hospital).

Finland: Kauppila J*, Sarjanoja E (Länsi-Pohja Central Hospital); Helminen O, Huhta H, Kauppila JH* (Oulu University Hospital).

France: Beyrne C, Jouffret L*, Lugans L, Marie-Macron L (Centre Hospitalier Avignon); Chouillard E*, De Simone B* (Centre Hospitalier Intercommunal Poissy Saint Germain En Laye); Bettoni J, Dakpé S, Devauchelle B, Lavagen N, Testelin S* (Chu Amiens); Boucher S*, Breheret R, Gueutier A, Kahn A, Kün-Darbois J (Chu Angers); Barrabe A, Lakkis Z*, Louvrier A, Manfredelli S, Mathieu P (Chu Besançon); Chebaro A*, Drubay V, El amrani M, Eveno C, Lecolle K, Legault G, Martin L, Piessen G*, Pruvot FR, Truant S, Zerbib P (Chu Lille); Ballouhey Q*, Barrat B, Laloze J, Salle H, Taibi A, Usseglio J (Chu Limoges); Bergeat D, Merdrignac A (Chu Rennes - General Surgery); Le Roy B, Perotto LO, Scalabre A* (Chu Saint Etienne); Aimé A, Ezanno A*, Malgras B (Hia Begin); Bouche P*, Tzedakis S* (Hôpital Cochin - Aphp); Cotte E, Glehen O, Kepenekian V, Lifante J, Passot G (Hopital Lyon Sud); D’Urso A, Felli E, Mutter D, Pessaux P, Seeliger B* (Hus, Pole Hépato-Digestif / Ihu-Strasbourg); Bardet J, Berry R, Boddaert G, Bonnet S, Brian E, Denet C, Fuks D, Gossot D, Grigoroiu M, Laforest A, Levy-Zauberman Y, Louis-Sylvestre C, Moumen A, Pourcher G, Seguin-givelet A*, Tribillon E (Institut Mutualiste Montsouris); Duchalais E*, Espitalier F, Ferron C, Malard O* (Nantes University Hospital).

Germany: Bork U*, Distler M, Fritzmann J, Kirchberg J, Praetorius C, Riediger C, Weitz J, Welsch T, Wimberger P* (University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, TU Dresden); Beyer K, Kamphues C*, Lauscher J, Loch FN, Schineis C (Charité University Medicine, Campus Benjamin Franklin); Albertsmeier M*, Angele M, Kappenberger A, Niess H, Schiergens T, Werner J (Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitat Munich);Becker R*, Jonescheit J (Heilig-Geist Hospital Bensheim); Pergolini I, Reim D* (Klinikum Rechts Der Isar Tum School Of Medicine); Boeker C, Hakami I*, Mall J* (Krh Nordstadt-Siloah Hospitals); Liokatis P*, Smolka W (LMU Klinikum Campus Innenstadt); Nowak K*, Reinhard T* (Romed Klinikum Rosenheim); Hölzle F, Modabber A*, Winnand P (University Hospital Aachen); Knitschke M* (University Hospital Giessen And Marburg); Kauffmann P, Wolfer S* (University Hospital Goettingen / Universitätsmedizin Goettingen); Kleeff J, Lorenz K, Michalski C, Ronellenfitsch U*, Schneider R (University Hospital Halle (Saale)); Bertolani E, Königsrainer A*, Löffler MW, Quante M*, Steidle C, Überrück L, Yurttas C (University Hospital Tuebingen); Betz CS, Bewarder J, Böttcher A, Burg S, Busch C, Gosau M*, Heuer A, Izbicki J, Klatte TO, Koenig D, Moeckelmann N, Nitschke C, Priemel M, Smeets R, Speth U, Thole S, Uzunoglu FG*, Vollkommer T, Zeller N (University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf); Battista MJ*, Gillen K, Hasenburg A, Krajnak S, Linz V, Schwab R (University Of Mainz, Department Of Gynaecology And Obstetrics).

Greece: Angelou K, Haidopoulos D*, Rodolakis A (Alexandra General Hospital); Antonakis P, Bramis K, Chardalias L, Contis I, Dafnios N, Dellaportas D, Fragulidis G, Gklavas A, Konstadoulakis M, Memos N*, Papaconstantinou I*, Polydorou A, Theodosopoulos T, Vezakis A (Aretaieion Hospital); Antonopoulou MI, Manatakis DK*, Tasis N (Athens Naval And Veterans Hospital); Arkadopoulos N, Danias N, Economopoulou P, Kokoropoulos P, Larentzakis A, Michalopoulos N*, Selmani J, Sidiropoulos T, Tsaousis V, Vassiliu P (Attikon University General Hospital); Bouchagier K*, Klimopoulos S, Paspaliari D, Stylianidis G (Evaggelismos General Hospital); Baxevanidou K, Bouliaris K, Chatzikomnitsa P, Efthimiou M, Giaglaras A, Kalfountzos C*, Koukoulis G, Ntziovara AM, Petropoulos K, Soulikia K, Tsiamalou I, Zervas K, Zourntou S (General Hospital Of Larissa “Koutlimpaneio And Triantafylleio”); Baloyiannis I, Diamantis A, Gkrinia E, Hajiioannou J*, Korais C, Koukoura O, Perivoliotis K, Saratziotis A, Skoulakis C, Symeonidis D, Tepetes K, Tzovaras G*, Zacharoulis D (General University Hospital Of Larissa); Alexoudi V, Antoniades K*, Astreidis I, Christidis P, Deligiannidis D, Grivas T, Ioannidis O*, Kalaitsidou I, Loutzidou L, Mantevas A, Michailidou D, Paraskevopoulos K, Politis S, Stavroglou A, Tatsis D, Tilaveridis I, Vahtsevanos K, Venetis G (George Papanikolaou General Hospital Of Thessaloniki); Karaitianos I*, Tsirlis T (Henry Dunant Hospital Center); Charalabopoulos A, Liakakos T, Mpaili E, Schizas D*, Spartalis E, Syllaios A, Zografos C (Laiko University Hospital); Anthoulakis C, Christou C, Papadopoulos V, Tooulias A, Tsolakidis D*, Tsoulfas G*, Zouzoulas D (Papageorgiou General Hospital); Athanasakis E, Chrysos E, Tsiaoussis J, Xenaki S*, Xynos E* (University Hospital Of Heraklion Crete And Interclinic Hospital Of Crete).

Hong Kong: Futaba K*, Ho MF, Hon SF, Mak TWC, Ng SSM (Prince of Wales Hospital); Foo CC* (Queen Mary Hospital).

Hungary: Banky B*, Suszták N (Szent Borbála Kórház).

Ireland: Aremu M*, Canas-Martinez A, Cullivan O, Murphy C, Owens P, Pickett L (Connolly Hospital Blanchardstown); Akmenkalne L, Byrne J, Corrigan M*, Cullinane C, Daly A, Fleming C*, Jordan P, Killeen S, Lynch N, McCarthy A, Mustafa H, O’Brien S, O’Leary P, Syed WAS, Vernon L (Cork University Hospital); Callanan D, Huang L, Ionescu A, Sheahan P* (South Infirmary Victoria University Hospital); Balasubramanian I, Boland M, Conlon K, Evoy D, Fearon N, Gallagher T, Geraghty J, Heneghan H*, Kennedy N, Maguire D, McCartan D, McDermott EW, Prichard RS, Winter D* (St Vincent’s University Hospital); Alazawi D, Barry C*, Boyle T, Butt W, Connolly EM, Donlon N, Donohue C, Fahey BA, Farrell R, Fitzgerald C, Kinsella J, Larkin JO*, Lennon P, Maguire PJ*, Mccormick P, Mehigan BJ, Mohan H, Nugent T, O’Sullivan H, Ravi N, Reynolds JV*, Rogers A, Shokuhi P, Smith J, Smith LA, Timon C (St. James’s Hospital); Bashir Y, Bass G, Connelly T, Creavin B, Earley H, Elliott JA*, Gillis A, Kavanagh D, Neary P, O’riordan J, Reynolds IS, Rice D, Ridgway P, Umair M, Whelan M (Tallaght Hospital); Carroll P, Collins C, Corless K, Finnegan L, Fowler A, Hogan A, Kerin M, Lowery A*, McAnena P, McKevitt K*, Nizami K, Ryan É, Samy A (University Hospital Galway); Coffey JC, Cunningham R, Devine M, Nally D*, Peirce C, Tormey S (University Hospital Limerick); Hardy N, Neary P, O’Malley S*, Ryan M (University Hospital Waterford/University College Cork).

Italy: Macina S* (Asst Mantua); Mariani NM*, Opocher E, Pisani Ceretti A (Asst Santi Paolo E Carlo); Ferrari F*, Odicino F, Sartori E* (Asst Spedali Civili, Ospedale Di Brescia); Cotsoglou C*, Granieri S (Asst Vimercate); Bianco F*, Camillo’ A, Colledan M*, Tornese S, Zambelli MF (Asst-Papa Giovanni Xxiii- Bergamo); Bissolotti G, Fusetti S, Lemma F* (Azienda Ospedaliera Di Padova); Marino MV*, Mirabella A, Vaccarella G (Azienda Ospedaliera Ospedali Riuniti Villa Sofia-Cervello, Palermo); Agostini C, Alemanno G, Bartolini I, Bergamini C, Bruscino A, Checcucci C, De Vincenti R, Di Bella A, Fambrini M, Fortuna L, Maltinti G, Muiesan P*, Petraglia F, Prosperi P*, Ringressi MN, Risaliti M, Sorbi F*, Taddei A*, Tucci R (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Careggi); Bassi C, Bortolasi L, Campagnaro T*, Casetti L, De Pastena M, Esposito A, Fontana M, Guglielmi A, Landoni L, Malleo G, Marchegiani G, Nobile S, Paiella S, Pedrazzani C, Rattizzato S, Ruzzenente A, Salvia R*, Turri G, Tuveri M (Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata Di Verona); Bellora P, D’Aloisio G, Ferrari M, Francone E, Gentilli S*, Nikaj H (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Maggiore Della Carità); Bianchini M, Chiarugi M, Coccolini F, Di Franco G, Furbetta N, Gianardi D, Guadagni S, Morelli L*, Palmeri M, Tartaglia D* (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana); Anania G*, Carcoforo P*, Chiozza M, De Troia A, Koleva Radica M, Portinari M, Sibilla MG, Urbani A (Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Sant’anna); Fabbri N, Feo CV*, Gennari S, Parini S, Righini E (Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale di Ferrara - University of Ferrara); Ampollini L*, Bellanti L, Bergonzani M, Bertoli G, Bocchialini G, D’Angelo G*, Lanfranco D, Musini L, Poli T, Santoro GP, Varazzani A* (Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma); Aguzzoli L, Borgonovo G, Castro Ruiz C, Coiro S, Falco G*, Mandato VD*, Mastrofilippo V, Montella MT, Annessi V, Zizzo M* (Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - Irccs Di Reggio Emilia); Grossi U, Novello S, Romano M, Rossi S, Zanus G* (Ca’ Foncello Treviso-DISCOG-Universit Di Padova); Esposito G, Frongia F, Pisanu A, Podda M* (Cagliari University Hospital); Belluco C, Lauretta A*, Montori G, Moras L, Olivieri M (Centro Di Riferimento Oncologico Di Aviano (Cro) Irccs); Bussu F, Carta AG, Cossu ML, Cottu P, Fancellu A, Feo CF, Ginesu GC, Giuliani G, Madonia M, Perra T*, Piras A, Porcu A*, Rizzo D, Scanu AM, Tedde A, Tedde M (Cliniche San Pietro, A.o.u. Sassari); Delrio P*, Rega D* (Colorectal Surgical Oncology Unit - Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale-I.r.c.c.s.); Badalamenti G, Campisi G, Cordova A, Franza M, Maniaci G, Rinaldi G, Toia F* (Department Of Surgical, Oncological And Oral Sciences. University Of Palermo); Calabrò M*, Farnesi F, Lunghi EG, Muratore A*, Pipitone Federico NS (Edoardo Agnelli); Bàmbina F, D’Andrea G, Familiari P*, Picotti V (Fabrizio Spaziani); De Palma G, Luglio G*, Pagano G, Tropeano FP (Federico Il University Hospital); Baldari L*, Beltramini GA, Boni L*, Cassinotti E*, Gianni’ A*, Pignataro L*, Torretta S (Fondazione Irccs Ca’ Granda - Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico); Abatini C, Baia M, Biasoni D, Bogani G, Cadenelli P, Capizzi V*, Cioffi SPB, Citterio D*, Comini LV, Cosimelli M, Fiore M*, Folli S, Gennaro M, Giannini L*, Gronchi A, Guaglio M*, Macchi A*, Martinelli F*, Mazzaferro V, Mosca A, Pasquali S, Piazza C, Raspagliesi F, Rolli L*, Salvioni R, Sarpietro G, Sarre C, Sorrentino L (Fondazione Irccs Istituto Nazionale Dei Tumori, Milano); Agnes A, Alfieri S, Belia F, Biondi A, Cozza V, D’Amore A, D’Ugo D, De Simone V, Fagotti A*, Gasparini G, Gordini L*, Litta F, Lombardi CP, Lorenzon L, Marra AA, Marzi F, Moro A, Parello A, Perrone E, Persiani R, Ratto C, Rosa F, Saponaro G, Scambia G*, Scrima O, Sganga G, Tudisco R (Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli); Belli A*, Granata V, Izzo F, Palaia R, Patrone R (Hpb Surgical Oncology Unit - Istituto Nazionale Tumori Fondazione, Pascale-I.r.c.c.s.); Carrano FM, Carvello MM, De Virgilio A, Di Candido F, Ferreli F, Gaino F, Mercante G*, Rossi V, Spinelli A*, Spriano G (Humanitas Clinical And Research Center Irccs, Rozzano (Mi) & Humanitas University, Department Of Biomedical Sciences, Pieve Emanuele (Mi)); Donati DM*, Frisoni T, Palmerini E (Irccs Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli); Aprile A, Barra F*, Batistotti P, Ferrero S, Fregatti P*, Scabini S*, Sparavigna M (Irccs Ospedale Policlinico San Martino); Asti E, Bernardi D, Bonavina L*, Lovece A (University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato); Adamoli L, Ansarin M*, Cenciarelli S, Chu F, De Berardinis R, Fumagalli Romario U*, Mastrilli F, Pietrobon G, Tagliabue M (Istituto Europeo Di Oncologia - Irccs -Milano); Badellino E, Ferrero A*, Massobrio R (Mauriziano Hospital Torino; Italy); De Manzoni Garberini A* (Ospedale Civile Spirito Santo); Federico P, Maida P, Marra E, Marte G, Petrillo A, Tammaro T, Tufo A* (Ospedale Del Mare); Berselli M*, Borroni G*, Cocozza E, Conti L, Desio M, Livraghi L*, Quintodei V, Rizzi A, Zullo A (Ospedale Di Circolo E Fondazione Macchi (Varese)); Baldi C*, Corbellini C, Sampietro GM (Ospedale Di Rho - Asst Rhodense); Cellerino P* (Ospedale Fatebenefratelli E Oftalmico); Baldini E*, Capelli P, Conti L, Isolani SM, Ribolla M (Ospedale Guglielmo Da Saliceto Piacenza); Bondurri A, Colombo F*, Ferrario L, Guerci C, Maffioli A (Ospedale Luigi Sacco Milano); Armao T, Ballabio M*, Bisagni P, Gagliano A, Longhi M, Madonini M, Pizzini P (Ospedale Maggiore Di Lodi); Baietti AM, Biasini M, Maremonti P, Neri F, Prucher GM*, Ricci S, Ruggiero F, Zarabini AG (Ospedale Maggiore/Bellaria Carlo Alberto Pizzardi Ausl Bologna); Barmasse R, Mochet S*, Morelli L, Usai A (Ospedale Regionale Umberto Parini); Bianco F*, Incollingo P (Ospedale S. Leonardo - Asl Napoli 3 Sud, Castellammare Di Stabia); Mancini S, Marino Cosentino L*, Sagnotta A* (Ospedale San Filippo Neri); Fruscio R*, Grassi T, Nespoli LC, Tamini N* (Ospedale San Gerardo); Anastasi A, Bartalucci B, Bellacci A, Canonico G*, Capezzuoli L, Di Martino C, Ipponi P, Linari C, Montelatici M, Nelli T, Spagni G, Tirloni L, Vitali A (Ospedale San Giovanni Di Dio); Abate E, Casati M*, Casiraghi T, Laface L, Schiavo M (Ospedale Vittorio Emanuele Iii - Carate Brianza); Arminio A, Cotoia A, Lizzi V*, Vovola F (Ospedali Riuniti Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Foggia); Vergari R* (Ospedali Riuniti Di Ancona); D’Ugo S*, Depalma N, Spampinato MG (P.o.“Vito Fazzi”); Bartolucci P, Brachini G, Bruzzaniti P, Chiappini A, Chiarella V, Ciccarone F, Cicerchia PM, Cirillo B, De Toma G, Di bartolomeo A, Fiori E, Fonsi GB, Franco G, Frati A, Giugliano M, Iannone I, La Torre F, Lapolla P*, Leonardo C, Marruzzo G, Meneghini S, Mingoli A, Ribuffo D, Salvati M, Santoro A, Sapienza P, Scafa AK, Simonelli L, Zambon M (Policlinico Umberto I Sapienza University Of Rome); Capolupo GT*, Carannante F, Caricato M*, Mascianà G, Mazzotta E (Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio Medico Of Rome); Gattolin A, Migliore M, Rimonda R, Sasia D*, Travaglio E (Regina Montis Regalis Hospital, Mondovì); Cervellera M, Gori A, Sartarelli L, Tonini V* (S.orsola-Malpighi Hospital); Giacometti M*, Zonta S (Ospedale San Biagio, ASL VCO); Chessa A*, Fiorini A, Norcini C (San Giovanni Di Dio); Colletti G, Confalonieri M, Costanzi A*, Frattaruolo C, Mari G, Monteleone M (San Leopoldo Mandic); Bandiera A, Bocciolone L, Bonavina G, Candiani M*, Candotti G, De Nardi P*, Gagliardi F, Medone M, Mortini P*, Negri G*, Parise P, Piloni M, Sileri P, Vignali A (San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan); Belvedere A, Bernante P, Bertoglio P, Boussedra S, Brunocilla E, Cipriani R, Cisternino G, De Crescenzo E, De Iaco P*, Dondi G, Frio F*, Jovine E, Mineo Bianchi F, Neri J, Parlanti D, Perrone AM, Pezzuto AP, Pignatti M*, Pinto V, Poggioli G, Ravaioli M, Rottoli M*, Schiavina R, Serenari M*, Serra M, Solli P*, Taffurelli M*, Tanzanu M, Tesei M, Violante T, Zanotti S (Azienda Osepdaliero - Universitaria di Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, Italy); Borghi F, Cianflocca D, Di Maria Grimaldi S, Donati D, Gelarda E, Geretto P, Giraudo G, Giuffrida MC, Marano A*, Palagi S, Pellegrino L, Peluso C, Testa V* (Santa Croce E Carle Hospital, Cuneo); Agresta F*, Prando D*, Zese M* (Santa Maria Degli Angeli Hospital Ulss5 - Adria); Aquila F, Gambacciani C, Lippa L, Pieri F, Santonocito OS* (Spedali Riuniti Di Livorno); Armatura G*, Bertelli G, Frena A, Marinello P, Notte F, Patauner S, Scotton G* (St. Moritz Hospital); Fulginiti SF, Gallo G*, Sammarco G, Vescio G (University ‘Magna Graecia’ Of Catanzaro); Balercia P, Catarzi L, Consorti G* (University Hospital Umberto I Ancona); Di Marzo F* (Valtiberina); Fontana T* (Vittorio Emanuele).

Japan: Daiko H*, Ishikawa M, Ishiyama K, Iwata S, Kanematsu K, Kanemitsu Y*, Kato T*, Kawai A*, Kobayashi E, Kobayashi Kato M, Moritani K, Nakatani F, Oguma J, Tanase Y, Uno M (National Cancer Center Hospital).

Jordan: Al Abdallah M*, Ayasra F, Ayasra Y, Qasem A (Al-Basheer Hospital); Abu Za’nouneh FJ, Fahmawee T, Hmedat A, Ibrahim A, Obeidat K* (King Abdullah University Hospital); Abdel Al S, Abdel Jalil R, Abou Chaar MK, Al-Masri M*, Al-Najjar H, Alawneh F, Alsaraireh O, Elayyan M, Ghanem R, Lataifeh I (King Hussein Cancer Center).

Libya: Alkadeeki GZ*, Al Maadany FS (Al-Jalaa Hospital); Aldokali N, Senossi O, Subhi MT (Alkhadra Hospital); Burgan D*, Kamoka E, Kilani AI, Salamah A, Salem M, Shuwayyah A (National Cancer Institute, Sabratha - Libya); Abdulwahed E*, Alshareea E, Aribi N, Aribi S, Biala M, Ghamgh R, Morgom M (Tripoli Central Hospital); Aldayri Z, Ellojli I*, Kredan A (Tripoli University Hospital).

Lithuania: Bradulskis S, Dainius E, Kubiliute E, Kutkevičius J, Parseliunas A, Subocius A, Venskutonis D* (Lithuanian University Of Health Sciences Kaunas Clinical Hospital).

Madagascar: Rasoaherinomenjanahary F*, Razafindrahita JB, Samison LH (Joseph Ravoahangy Andrianavalona Hospital).

Malaysia: Ong EC (Bintulu); Hamdan KH, Ibrahim MR, Tan JA, Thanapal MR* (Hospital Kuala Lumpur); Amin Sahid N, Hayati F*, Jayasilan J, Sriram RK*, Subramaniam S (Queen Elizabeth Hospital & Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia); Che Jusoh A, Hussain AH, Mohamed Sidek AS, Mohd Yunus MF, Soh JY, Wong MPK, Zakaria AD*, Zakaria Z (School Of Medical Sciences & Hospital, Universiti Sains Malaysia); Fadzli A*, Fathi NQ, Koh PS, Liew YT*, Roslani AC*, Tang CY, Teoh LY*, Wong WJ*, Yahaya AS (University Malaya Medical Centre).

Mexico: Alvarez MR, Arrangoiz R, Cordera F*, De la Rosa Abaroa MA, Gómez-Pedraza A, Hernandez R, Maffuz-Aziz A, Posada JA (Abc Medical Center); Becerra García FC* (Hospital San Ángel Inn Chapultepec); Alfaro-Goldaracena A, Buerba GA, Castillejos-Molina RA, Chan C, Dominguez-Rosado I, Medina-Franco H, Mercado MÁ*, Oropeza-Aguilar M, Peña Gómez Portugal E, Posadas-Trujillo OE, Rodriguez-Covarrubias F, Salgado-Nesme N, Sarre C, Vilatoba M (Instituto Nacional De Ciencias Médicas Y Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”).

Morocco: Arkha Y, Bechri H, El Ouahabi A, Oudrhiri MY* (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Ibn Sina Rabat); Derkaoui hassani F*, El abbadi N (Cheikh Zaid International University Hospital); Amrani L, Belkhadir ZH, Benkabbou A, Chakib O, El Ahmadi B, El Bouazizi Y, Essangri H, Ghannam A*, Majbar AM, Mohsine R, Souadka A* (Institut National D’oncologie).

Netherlands: Hompes R*, Meima-van Praag EM, Pronk AJM, Sharabiany S (Amsterdam Umc, University Of Amsterdam); Grotenhuis B*, Hartveld L, Reijers S, Van Houdt W* (Antoni Van Leeuwenhoek Ziekenhuis); Baaij J, Bolster-van Eenennaam M*, De Graaff M, Sloothaak D, Van Duijvendijk P* (Gelre Ziekenhuis); Posma-Bouman L* (Slingeland Ziekenhuis); Derksen T, Franken J, Oosterling S* (Spaarne Gasthuis); De Bree R* (University Medical Center Utrecht); Konsten J*, Van Heinsbergen M (Viecuri Medisch Centrum).

Nigeria: Fidelis L, Sholadoye TT*, Tolani MA* (Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital); Olaogun J* (Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital); Egbuchulem IK*, Lawal TA*, Ogundoyin O*, Olulana DI (University College Hospital); Abdur-Rahman L*, Adeyeye A*, Aremu I, Bello J, Olasehinde O, Popoola A (University Of Ilorin Teaching Hospital).

Oman: Massoud J*, Massoud R, Sorour TM (Khoula Hospital).

Pakistan: Jamal A, Kerawala AA* (Cancer Foundation Hospital); Memon AS*, Nafees Ahmed R, Rai L* (Dr Ruth K.m. Pfau Civil Hospital); Ayub B, Hassan N*, Martins RS, Ramesh P, Sayyed R* (Patel Hospital); Butt U*, Kashif M, Kashif M*, Khan WH*, Qureshi A*, Umar M, Waris Farooka M*, Wasim T* (Services Hospital Lahore); Ayubi A, Rashid I, Waqar SH* (The Pakistan Institute Of Medical Sciences).

Peru: Falcon GM*, Robles R (Instituto Regional De Enfermedades Neoplásicas Del Sur).

Philippines: Jocson R, Teh C* (National Kidney & Transplant Institute).

Poland: Major P (Jagiellonian University Medical College); Bobiński M*, Kotarski J*, Rasoul-Pelińska K* (Medical University Of Lublin, Chair And Department Of Gynaecological Oncology And Gynaecology).

Portugal: Azevedo C, Machado D, Mendes F* (Centro Hospitalar Cova Da Beira); De Sousa X* (Centro Hospitalar De Setúbal); Fernandes U, Ferreira C*, Guidi G, Leal C, Marçal A, Marques R, Martins D, Melo A, Tenreiro N, Vaz Pereira R, Vieira B (Centro Hospitalar De Trás-Os-Montes E Alto Douro, E.p.e.); Almeida JI, Correia de Sá T, Costa MJMA, Fernandes V, Ferraz I, Gil CG, Lima da Silva C, Lopes L, Machado N, Marialva J, Nunes Coelho M, Pedro J, Pereira C, Reis R*, Ribeiro A, Santos R, Saraiva P, Silva R, Tavares F, Teixeira M (Centro Hospitalar Do Tamega E Sousa); Almeida AC, Amaral MJ, Andrade R, Athayde Nemésio R, Breda D, Camacho C, Canhoto C, Colino M, Correia S, Costa M, De Barros J, De Oliveira López AL, Duque M, Garrido S, Guerreiro P, Guimarães A, Lázaro A*, Lopes C, Martins R, Nogueira O, Oliveira A, Oliveira JM, Rodrigues M, Ruivo A, Santos E, Silva M, Simões J, Valente da Costa A (Centro Hospitalar E Universitário De Coimbra); Almeida A, Cavaleiro S, Devezas V, Faria CS, Jácome F, Magalhães Maia M, Nogueiro J, Pereira A, Pereira-Neves A, Pina-Vaz T, Santos-Sousa H*, Silveira H, Vaz S, Vieira P (Centro Hospitalar E Universitário De São João); Gomes da Costa A, Lobo Antunes I* (Centro Hospitalar Lisboa Norte); Pinto J, Tojal A* (Centro Hospitalar Tondela-Viseu); Cardoso N, Cardoso P*, Domingues JC, Henriques P, Manso MI, Martins dos Santos G, Martins R, Morais H*, Pereira R, Revez T, Ribeiro R, Ribeiro VI, Soares A, Sousa S, Teixeira J (Centro Hospitalar Universitário Do Algarve - Unidade De Faro); Amorim E, Baptista VH, Cunha MF*, Dias B, Fazenda A, Melo Neves JP, Policarpo F, Sampaio da Nóvoa Gomes Miguel II, Veiga D (Centro Hospitalar Universitario Do Algarve - Unidade De Portimão); Andrade AK, Bandovas JP, Borges N*, Branquinho A, Chumbinho B, Correia J, Fidalgo H, Figueiredo de Barros I, Frade S, Gomes J, Maciel J, Pina S, Rodrigues A, Silva N*, Silveira Nunes I, Sousa R (Centro Hospitalar Universitário Lisboa Central); Ascensão J, Azevedo P, Costeira B, Cunha C, Garrido R*, Gomes H, Lourenço I, Mendinhos G*, Miranda P, Nobre Pinto A, Peralta Ferreira M, Ribeiro J, Rio Rodrigues L, Sousa Fernandes M (Hospital Beatriz Angelo); Azevedo J* (Hospital Da Horta, E.p.e.); Galvão D, Soares AC, Vieira A*, Vieira B (Hospital De Santo Espirito Da Ilha Terceira); Patrício B, Santos PMDD*, Vieira Paiva Lopes AC (Hospital De Torres Vedras - Centro Hospitalar Do Oeste); Cunha R, Faustino A, Freitas A, Martins AB, Mendes JR*, Parreira R, Rosa J, Teves M (Hospital Do Divino Espírito Santo); Abreu da Silva A*, Claro M, Costa Santos D, Deus AC, Grilo JV (Hospital Do Litoral Alentejano); Borges F*, Corte Real J, Henriques S, Lima MJ, Matos Costa P (Hospital Garcia De Orta); Brito da Silva F, Caiado A*, Fonseca F (Instituto Português De Oncologia De Lisboa Francisco Gentil); Ângelo M, Baiao JM, Martins Jordão D*, Vieira Caroço T (Ipo Coimbra); Messias J, Millan A, Salgado I, Santos P* (Ipo Lisboa); Baía C, Canotilho R, Correia AM, Ferreira Pinto AP, Peyroteo M, Videira JF* (Ipo Porto).

Puerto Rico: Escobar P*, Maldonado Santiago M (Instituto Gineco Oncologico).

Réunion: Kassir R*, Sauvat F (Chu Reunion).

Romania: Bezede C, Chitul A, Ciofic E, Cristian D, Grama F* (Coltea Clinical Hospital); Pirtea L*, Secosan C (Emergency Clinical City Hospital); Bonci E*, Gata V*, Titu S* (Prof. Dr Ion Chiricuta Institute Of Oncology); Ginghina O*, Iordache N, Iosifescu RV (Saint John Emergency Hospital).

Russia: Garmanova T, Kazachenko E, Markaryan D, Rodimov S, Tsarkov P*, Tulina I (Clinic Of Coloproctology And Minimally Invasive Surgery, Sechenov Medical State University); Litvina Y, Provozina A (Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Regional Clinical Hospital); Agapov M*, Galliamov E, Kakotkin V, Kubyshkin V, Камалов А (Moscow Research And Educational Center, Lomonosov Moscow State University).

Saudi Arabia: Alshahrani M*, Alsharif F, Eskander M (Aseer Central Hospital); Al Raddadi R, Majrashi S*, Mashat A (East Jeddah General Hospital); Akeel N, Alharthi M, Aljiffry M, Basendowah M, Farsi A, Ghunaim M, Khoja A, Maghrabi A, Malibary N*, Nassif M, Nawawi A, Saleem A, Samkari A, Trabulsi N* (King Abdulaziz University Hospital); Al Awwad S*, Alghamdi M*, Alnumani T*, Nasser M*, Said bayazeed A* (King Fahad General Hospital); Alhefdhi A*, Almalik O, Alomair A, Alotaibi N, Alresaini F, Alsalamah R, Alsobhi S, Mahasin Z, Othman E, Velagapudi S (King Faisal Specialist Hospital); Ghedan S, Alharthi R, Awad S*, I Sharara M, Abdelrahman S, Althobaiti W (King Faisal Medical Complex); Al Habes H, Alamri A, Alkarak S, Alqannas M*, Alyami M*, Alzamanan M, Cortés Guiral D*, Elawad A (King Khalid Hospital); AlAamer O, Alriyees L, Alselaim N* (King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University For Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry Of National Guard, Health Affairs, General Surgery Department.); Abdulkareem A, Ajlan A, Akkour K, Al-Habib A, Al-Khayal K, Alatar A, Alburakan A, Alhalal H, Alhassan B, Alhassan N, Alobeed O, Alsaif A, Alsaif F, Alshammari S, Alshaygy I, Barry M, Bin Nasser A*, Bin Traiki T, Bokhari A, Elwatidy S, Helmi H, Madkhali A, Nouh T*, Rabah PD, Zubaidi A (King Saud University).

Serbia: Paunovic I*, Slijepcevic N (Centre For Endocrine Surgery, Clinical Centre Of Serbia); Aleksić L, Antic A, Barisic G*, Ceranic M, Galun D*, Grubač Ž, Jelenkovic J, Kecmanović D, Kmezić S, Knezevic D*, Krivokapic Z*, Latinčić S, Markovic V*, Matić S*, Miladinov M, Pavlov M*, Pejovic I, Radenkovic D*, Tadic B, Vasljević J, Velickovic D, Zivanovic M (Clinic For Digestive Surgery, Clinical Centre Of Serbia); Perovic M, Srbinovic L (Clinic For Gynecology And Obstetrics Narodni Front); Andrijasevic S, Bozanovic T, Cerovic Popovic R, Dokic M, Janjic T, Jeremic K, Kadija S, Ladjevic Likic I, Mirkovic L, Pantovic S, Pilic I, Radojevic M, Stefanovic A*, Vidakovic S, Vilendecic Z (Clinic For Gynecology And Obstetrics, Clinical Center Of Serbia); Antic S, Dunđerović D, Jelovac D*, Jezdic Z, Konstantinovic V, Kotlar B, Kuzmanovic C, Lazić M, Petrovic M, Popovic F, Pucar A, Romic M, Sumrak S, Vujanac V (Clinic For Maxillofacial Surgery, School Of Dental Medicine, University Of Belgrade); Bascarevic V, Bogdanović I, Grujičić D*, Ilic R*, Milićević M, Milisavljević F, Miljković A, Paunovic A, Šćepanović V, Stanimirovic A, Todorovic M (Clinic For Neurosurgery, Clinical Center Of Serbia); Jotic A, Milovanovic J*, Trivic A (Clinic For Otorhinolaryngology And Maxillofacial Surgery, Clinical Center Of Serbia); Bumbasirevic U*, Dzamic Z, Kajmaković B, Prijović N, Zivkovic M (Clinic Of Urology, Clinical Center Of Serbia); Buta M, Cvetkovic A, Djurisic I, Gacic S, Goran M, Inic Z, Jeftic N, Jevric M, Jokic V, Markovic I*, Milanović M, Nikolic S, Pejnovic L, Savković N, Spurnic I, Stevic D, Stojiljkovic D, Vucic N, Zegarac M (Institute For Oncology And Radiology Of Serbia); Karamarkovic A, Kenic M, Kovacevic B, Krdzic I*, Milutinović V (Zvezdara University Medical Center).

Singapore: Chan CW, Lieske B* (National University Hospital).

Slovakia: Gális B, Šimko K (University Hospital Bratislava).

South Africa: Almgla N*, Bernon M, Boutall A, Cairncross L*, Herman A, Hilton T, Jonas E, Kloppers C*, Malherbe F, Mugla W*, Nel D, Rayamajhi S, Van Wyngaard T, Vogel J (Groote Schuur Hospital).

Spain: Castaño-Leon AM*, Delgado Fernandez J, Eiriz Fernandez C, Espino Segura-Illa M, Esteban Sinovas O, Garcia Perez D, Gomez P, Jimenez-Roldan L, Lagares A, Moreno-Gomez L, Paredes I, Pérez Núñez A, Sánchez Aniceto G*, Santas M (12 De Octubre University Hospital); Fernández Rodríguez P, Paniagua García Señorans M*, Sanchez-Santos R, Vigorita V (Álvaro Cunqueiro Hospital); Acrich E, Baena Sanfeliu E, Barrios O, Golda T*, Santanach C, Serrano-Navidad M, Sorribas Grifell M, Vives RV (Bellvitge University Hospital); Escolà D, Jiménez A* (Comarcal Alt Penedés); Cayetano Paniagua L, Gómez Fernández L* (Consorci Sanitari De Terrassa); Artigues E, Bernal-Sprekelsen JC*, Catalá Bauset JC (Consorcio Hospital General Universitario); Collera P, Diaz Del Gobbo R, Farre Font R, Flores Clotet R, Gómez Díaz CJ*, Guàrdia N, Guariglia CA, Osorio A, Sanchez Jimenez R, Sanchon L, Soto Montesinos C (Fundació Althaia - Xarxa Assistencial Universitària De Manresa); Albi Martin B, García Villayzán JE* (Fundación Jimenez Diaz University Hospital); Alonso-Lamberti L, Assaf M, Baeza Pintado N, Carabias A, García-Quijada J, Huertas Fernandez MA, Jimenez Miramón J, Jimenez V*, Jover JM, Landeo Agüero SA, Leon R, Martín Salamanca MB*, Pérez Simón V, Ponce S, Rodriguez JL, Salazar A, Valle Rubio A (Getafe University Hospital); Aguado H* (Hellín Hospital); Aldecoa Ansorregui I, Bravo Infante R, De Lacy FB, Di Somma A*, Díaz-Feijoo B*, Enseñat Nora J*, Fabregas N, Ferrés A, Gil Ibañez B, Gonzalez Sanchez JJ*, Gracia I, Hoyos Castro JA, Lacy AM*, Langdon C, Momblán D, Morales X, Oleaga L, Otero A, Pedrosa L, Poblete Carrizo J, Reyes Figueroa LA, Roldan Ramos P, Rumia-Arboix J, Tercero-Uribe AI, Topczewski TE, Torales J, Torne A, Torné R, Turrado-Rodriguez V*, Valero R, Valverde S (Hospital Clinic Barcelona); Anula R, Cano-Valderrama O, Del Campo Martín M, Díez-Valladares L, Domínguez I, Dziakova J, García Alonso M, García Romero E, Gómez Latorre L, Muguerza JM*, Pizarro MJ, Saez Carlin P, Sánchez del Pueblo C, Sánchez-Pernaute A, Sanz Ortega G, Sanz-Lopez R, Torres A (Hospital Clínico De Madrid); Garcés-Albir M*, Lopez F*, Martín-Arévalo J, Moro-Valdezate D*, Pla-Marti V (Hospital Clínico Universitario De Valencia); Beltrán de Heredia J, De Andrés Asenjo B*, Gómez Sanz T, Jezieniecki C, Nuñez Del Barrio H, Ortiz de Solórzano Aurusa FJ, Romero de Diego A, Ruiz Soriano M, Trujillo Díaz J, Vazquez fernandez A (Hospital Clínico Universitario De Valladolid); Lora-Cumplido P, Sosa MV* (Hospital De Cabueñes); Gonzalez-Gonzalez E, Minaya Bravo AM* (Hospital Del Henares); Alonso de la Fuente N, Cazador Labat M, Cecchini L, Espinosa CA*, Jimenez Toscano M*, López Campillo A, Mancebo G, Martorell P, Munarriz M (Hospital Del Mar); Grau-Talens EJ, Martin-Perez B* (Hospital Don Benito-Villanueva); Benavides Buleje JA, Carrasco Prats M*, Fernández PV, Fernández-López A*, García Escudero D*, García Porcel VJ, Garcia Soria V*, Giménez Francés C*, González Valverde FM, Gurrea E, López-Morales P, Marco Garrido A, Martínez Alonso JA, Medina E, Muñoz Camarena JM, Parra Baños PA, Peña Ros E, Ramirez Faraco M, Ruiz-Marín M*, Sanchez Rodriguez C, Valero Soriano M (Hospital General Reina Sofía); Estaire Gómez M*, Fernández Camuñas Á, Garcia Santos EP, Jimenez Higuera E, Martínez-Pinedo C, Muñoz-Atienza V, Padilla-Valverde D*, Picón Rodríguez R, Redondo Calvo FJ, Sánchez-García S, Sanchez-Pelaez D (Hospital General Universitario De Ciudad Real); Colombari RC, Del valle E, Fernández M, Lozano Lominchar P*, Martín L, Rey Valcarcel C, Steiner MA, Tudela M, Zorrilla Ortúzar J (Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón); Alcaide Matas F, García Pérez JM, Troncoso Pereira P* (Hospital Mateu Orfila); Mora-Guzmán I* (Hospital Santa Bárbara); Abellán M, Achalandabaso Boira M*, Jorba R, Memba Ikuga R, Olona C, Sales Mallafré R (Hospital Universitari De Tarragona Joan Xxiii); Cavallé Busquets P, Gavalda Pellice MGP*, Salinas Peña J (Hospital Universitari Sant Joan); Aragon Achig EJ*, Barbier L, Caja Vivancos P*, Gainza A, García Gutierrez JJ, Mallabiabarrena Ormaechea G*, Marín H, Martin Playa P*, Melchor Corcóstegui I, Prieto Calvo M, Rodriguez Fraga A, Villalabeitia Ateca I* (Hospital Universitario Cruces); De Andres Olabarria U, Durán Ballesteros M, Fernández Pablos FJ, Ibáñez-Aguirre FJ, Sanz Larrainzar A, Ugarte-Sierra B* (Hospital Universitario De Galdakao); De la Hoz Rodríguez Á, Di Martino M*, García Septiem J*, Martin-Perez E, Muñoz de Nova JL (Hospital Universitario De La Princesa); Calvo Espino P*, Guillamot Ruano P (Hospital Universitario De Móstoles); Colao García L, Díaz Pérez D*, Esteban Agustí E, Galindo Jara P, Gutierrez Samaniego M*, Hernandez Bartolome MA*, Serrano González J (Hospital Universitario De Torrejón De Ardoz); Alonso Poza A, Diéguez B, García-Conde M, Hernández-García M, Losada M* (Hospital Universitario Del Sureste); Chiesa-Estomba CM, González García JÁ, Larruscain E, Sistiaga-Suárez JA* (Hospital Universitario Donostia); Alvarez E, Chavarrias N, Frías L, García Pineda V, Gegúndez Simón A, Gortázar S, Gracia M, Guevara J, Hernández Gutierrez A, Loayza A, María Dolores DT, Martí C, Melendez M, Moreno-Palacios E, Perez Y, Prieto Nieto MI, Ramos-Martín P, Rubio-Perez I*, Saavedra J, Sanchez-Mendez JI, Siegrist Ridruejo J, Urbieta A, Zapardiel I* (Hospital Universitario La Paz); Cantalejo diaz M, De Miguel Ardevines MDC, Duque-Mallén V*, Gascon Ferrer I, González-Nicolás Trébol MT, Gracia-Roche C, Herrero Lopez M, Jariod Ferrer UM*, Lanzon A, Martinez German A, Matute M, Redondo C, Sánchez Fuentes N, Sánchez-Rubio M, Santero-Ramirez MS, Saudí S, Simón Sanz MV, Uson-Bouthelier T (Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet); Blazquez Martin A, Diez Alonso M*, García Rico E, Garcia-Loarte Gomez E, Garcia-Moreno Nisa F, Gutierrez Calvo A, Hernandez P, Lasa I, Mendoza-Moreno F, Morales Palacios N*, Ovejero Merino E, Vera Mansilla C (Hospital Universitario Principe De Asturias); Acebes García F, Bailón M, Bueno Cañones AD, Choolani Bhojwani E, Marcos-Santos P, Miguel T, Pacheco Sánchez D, Pérez-Saborido B, Sanchez Gonzalez J, Tejero-Pintor FJ* (Hospital Universitario Río Hortega); Alconchel F*, Conesa A, Gil Martínez J*, Gutiérrez Fernández AI, Lopez Abad A, Nicolás-López T*, Ramirez Romero P, Roca Calvo MJ, Rodrigues K*, Ruiz Manzanera JJ, Soriano AI (Hospital Universitario Virgen De La Arrixaca); Cano A, Capitan-Morales L, Cintas Catena J, Gomez-Rosado J*, Oliva Mompean F, Pérez Sánchez MA, Río Lafuente FD, Torres Arcos C, Valdes-Hernandez J (Hospital Universitario Virgen Macarena); Cholewa H, Domingo S*, Frasson M, Lago V*, Marina Martin T*, Martínez Chicote C, Sancho-Muriel J* (Hospital Universitario Y Politécnico La Fe); Landaluce-olavarria A*, Lecumberri D (Hospital Urduliz); Abad Gurumeta A, Abad-Motos A, Martínez-Hurtado E, Ripollés-Melchor J*, Ruiz Escobar A (Infanta Leonor University Hospital); Cuadrado-García A*, Garcia-Sancho Tellez L*, Heras Aznar J*, Maté P, Ortega Vázquez I*, Picardo AL, Rojo López JA, Sanchez Cabezudo Noguera F*, Serralta de Colsa D* (Infanta Sofía University Hospital); Anchuelo Latorre J, Cagigas Fernandez C, Caiña Ruiz R, Gomez Ruiz M, Hernanz F, Jimeno Fraile J*, Martínez-Pérez P, Poch C, Santarrufina Martinez S*, Valbuena Jabares V (Marqués De Valdecilla University Hospital); Moliner-Sánchez C, Pingarron-Martin L, Rey-Biel J, Ruiz Martin I (Rey Juan Carlos University Hospital); Blas Laina JL, Cros B, Escartin J*, Garcia Egea J, Nogués A, Talal El-Abur I, Yánez C (Royo Villanova); Cagigal Ortega EP, Cervera I, Díaz Peña P, Elena GDCR, Enjuto D*, Fernández Bernabé P, Garcés García R, Gonzalez J, Hernández I, Herrera-Merino N, Marqueta De Salas M, Martinez Pascual P, Perez Gonzalez M*, Ramos Bonilla A, Rodríguez Gómez L (Severo Ochoa University Hospital); Bescós C*, Blanco-Colino R, Brana I, Caimari B, De Pablo García-Cuenca A, Duran-Valles F, Espin-Basany E*, Giralt López de Sagredo J, Pamias J, Pellino G, Prat N, Pujol Pina R, Saez barba M (Vall D’hebron University Hospital).

Sri Lanka: Arulanantham A, Bandara GBK, Jayarajah U*, Ravindrakumar S, Rodrigo VS (District General Hospital Chilaw); Srishankar S* (Teaching Hospital Anuradhapura).

Sudan: Ali karar AA (Al-Rajhi).

Sweden: Elbe P*, Lindqvist EK* (Karolinska University Hospital); Taflin H* (Sahlgrenska University Hospital); Älgå A*, Heinius G, Nordberg M, Pieniowski E (South General Hospital); Gkekas I, Löfgren N, Rutegård M*, Sund M* (Umea University Hospital).

Switzerland: Arigoni M, Bernasconi M, Christoforidis D*, Di Giuseppe M, La Regina D, Mongelli F (Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale); Chevallay M, Dwidar O, Gialamas E, Sauvain M (Hopital De Pourtales); Klenke F, Kollàr A*, Kurze C (Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University Of Bern); Adamina M*, Bächler T, Crugnale AS, Giardini M, Guglielmetti L, Peros G, Solimene F (Kantonsspital Winterthur).

Turkey: Aghayeva A*, Hamzaoglu I, Sahin I (Acibadem Altunizade Hospital); Akaydin E, Aliyeva Z, Aytac E, Baca B, Dülgeroğlu O, Ozben V*, Ozmen BB, Uras C (Acibadem Atakent Hospital); Arikan AE*, Bilgin IA*, Bozkırlı B*, Ceyhan GO, Kara H, Karahasanoğlu T, Uras C (Acibadem Maslak Hospital); Celik H* (Adana Baskent University); Meydanli MM* (Ankara City Hospital); Akilli H*, Ayhan A*, Kuscu E* (Baskent University); Onan MA* (Gazi University Medical Faculty Hospital); Akgor U*, Dincer HA, Erol T, Gultekin M*, Orhan N, Ozgul N*, Salman MC*, Soyak B* (Hacettepe University Hospital); Alhamed A, Ergün S*, OZcelık MF, Sanli AN, Uludağ SS*, Velidedeoglu M*, Zengin AK (Istanbul Universty - Cerrahpaşa Medical Faculty); Bozkurt MA, Kara Y*, Kocataş A (Kanuni Sultan Suleyman Training And Research Hospital); Cimenoglu B, Demirhan R, Saracoglu K* (Kartal Dr Lutfi Kirdar Training And Research Hospital); Azamat İF, Balik E*, Buğra D, Giray B, Kulle CB, Taskiran C*, Vatansever D (Koç University Medical School); Gözal K, Güler SA, Köken H, Tatar OC*, Utkan NZ, Yıldırım A, Yüksel E (Kocaeli University Teaching Hospital); Akin E, Altintoprak F*, Bayhan Z, Cakmak G, Çapoğlu R, Çelebi F, Demir H, Dikicier E, Firat N, Gönüllü E, Kamburoğlu MB, Kocer B, Küçük IF, Mantoglu B (Sakarya University Faculty Of Medicine); Çolak E*, Kucuk GO, Uyanik MS (Samsun Training And Research Hospital); Göksoy B* (Sehit Prof.Dr İlhan Varank Training And Research Hospital); Bozkurt E, Citgez B, Mihmanli M, Tanal M*, Yetkin G (Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training And Research Hospital); Akalin M, Arican C, Avci EK, Aydin C, Demirli Atıcı S*, Emiroglu M, Kaya T*, Kebabçı E, Kilinc G, Kirmizi Y, Öğücü H, Salimoğlu S, Sert İ, Tugmen C, Tuncer K, Uslu G, Yeşilyurt D (University Of Health Sciences Tepecik Training And Research Hospital); Karaman E*, Kolusarı A (Van Yuzuncu Yil University, Medical Faculty); Yildiz A* (Yildirim Beyazit University Yenimahalle Training And Research Hospital).

Uganda: Benson O*, Lule H* (Kampala International University Teaching Hospital).

United Kingdom: Agilinko J, Ahmeidat A, Barabasz M, Bekheit M*, Cheung LK, Colloc T, Cymes W, Elhusseini M, Gradinariu G, Hannah A, Kamera BS, Mignot G, Shaikh S*, Sharma P (Aberdeen Royal Infirmary); Abu-Nayla I, Agrawal A*, Al-Mohammad A, Ali S, Ashcroft J, Azizi A, Baker O, Balakrishnan A*, Byrne M, Colquhoun A, Cotter A, Coughlin P, Davies RJ*, Durrani A, Elshaer M, Fordington S, Forouhi P*, Georgiades F, Grimes H, Habeeb A, Hudson V, Hutchinson P*, Irune E, Jah A*, Khan DZ, Kolias A, Kyriacou H, Lamb B, Liau S*, Luke L, Mahmoud R, Mannion R, Masterson L*, Mitrofan CG, Mohan M, Morris A, Murphy S, O’Neill R*, Price S, Pushpa-rajah J, Raby-Smith W, Ramzi J, Rooney S, Santarius T, Singh A, Stewart GD*, Tan XS, Townson A, Tweedle E, Walker C, Waseem S, Yordanov S (Addenbrooke’s Hospital); Jones T, Kattakayam A, Loh C, Lunevicius R, Pringle S, Schache A, Shaw R*, Sheel A (Aintree University Hospital); Rossborough C (Altnagelvin Area Hospital); Angelou D, Choynowski M, McAree B*, McCanny A, Neely D (Antrim Area Hospital- Northern Health And Social Care Trust); Tutoveanu G* (Barnsley Hospital Nhs Foundation Trust); Ahad S, De La Cruz Monroy MFI, Mosley F*, Oktseloglou V* (Bradford Royal Infirmary); Alanbuki A*, Patel M, Shabana A (Brighton And Sussex Nhs Trust, Princess Royal Hospital); Perera E, Raveendran D, Ravi-Shankar K, Thiruchelvam J* (Broomfield Hospital); Arrowsmith L*, Campbell W* (Causeway Hospital); Grove T, Kontovounisios C, Warren O* (Chelsea And Westminster Hospital); Rolland P* (Cheltenham General Hospital); Aggarwal A, Brown S, Jelley C, Neal N* (Churchill Hospital); Clifford R, Eardley N, Krishnan E, Manu N, Martin E, Roy Mahapatra S, Serevina OL, Smith C, Vimalachandran D* (Countess Of Chester Hospital); Bordenave M*, Houston R, Putnam G, Robson A*, Tustin H (Cumberland Infirmary); Emslie K*, Labib PL*, Marchbank A, Miller D, Minto G, Natale J, Nwinee H, Panahi P, Rogers L* (Derriford Hospital); Abubakar A*, Akhter Rahman MM, Chan E, Ko KYK, O’Brien H, Sasapu K*, Woodun H (Diana Princess Of Wales Hospital Grimsby); Inglis R, Ng HJ* (Dumfries And Galloway Royal Infirmary); De Gea Rico A, Ghazali N*, Lambert J, Markose G, Math S, Sarantitis I, Shrestha D, Sultana A*, Taggarsi M, Timbrell S, Vaz OP, Vitone L* (East Lancashire Hospitals Nhs Trust); Day A*, Dent H, Fahim M, Waheed S* (East Surrey Hospital); Hunt A, Laskar N* (East Sussex Healthcare (Conquest Hospital And Eastbourne District General Hospital)); Gupta A*, Steinke J, Thrumurthy S (Epsom & St Helier University Hospitals Nhs Trust); Massie E, McGivern K, Rutherford D, Wilson M* (Forth Valley Royal Hospital); Hardie J, Kazzaz S* (Frimley Health Nhs Ft - Frimley Park); Handa S, Kaushal M, Kler A, Patel P*, Redfern J, Tezas S (Furness General Hospital); Aawsaj Y, Amonkar S, Barry C, Blackwell L, Blake D, Carter J, Emerson H, Fisher A*, Katory M, Korompelis P, McCormick W, Mustafa A, Pearce L, Ratnavelu N*, Reehal R (Gateshead Health Nhs Foundation Trust); Kretzmer L*, Lalou L, Manku B, Parwaiz I, Stafford J (George Eliot Hospital); Abdelkarim M, Asqalan A, Gala T, Ibrahim S, Maw A*, Mithany R, Morgan R*, Sundaram Venkatesan G (Glan Clwyd Hospital); Ang K, Caruana EJ*, Chowdhry MF, Mohammad A, Nakas A, Rathinam S (Glenfield Hospital); Boal M*, Brown O, Dwerryhouse S*, Higgs S, Vallance A (Gloucestershire Royal Hospital); Boyd E, Irvine V, Kirk A* (Golden Jubilee National Hospital); Bakolas G, Boulton A, Chandock A*, Khan T, Kumar M* (Good Hope Hospital); Agoston P, Billè A, Challacombe B*, Fraser S, Harrison-Phipps K, King J, Mehra G, Mills L, Najdy M, Nath R, Okiror L, Pilling J, Rizzo V, Routledge T, Sayasneh A*, Stroman L*, Wali A (Guy’s Hospital); Fehervari M*, Fotopoulou C*, Habib N, Hamrang-Yousefi S, Jawad Z, Jiao L, Pai M, Ploski J, Rajagopal P, Saso S, Sodergren M, Spalding D (Hammersmith Hospital); Laws S* (Hampshire Hospitals Nhs Trust); Hardie C, McNaught C* (Harrogate District Hospital); Alam R, Budacan A, Cahill J, Kalkat M*, Karandikar S*, Kenyon L, Naumann D, Patel A (Heartlands Hospital); Ayorinde J, Chase T, Cuming T, Ghanbari A, Humphreys L, Tayeh S* (Homerton University Hospital); Aboelkassem Ibrahim A, Bichoo R, Cao H, Chai AKW, Choudhury J, Evans C, Fitzjohn H, Ikram H, Langstroth M, Loubani M*, McMillan A, Nazir S, Qadri SSA, Robinson A, Ross E, Sehgal T, Wilkins A (Hull University Teaching Hospitals Nhs Trust); Dixon J*, Dunning J, Freystaetter K, Jha M, Lester S*, Madhavan A, Thulasiraman SV, Viswanath Y* (James Cook University Hospital); Curl-Roper T, Delimpalta C, Liao CCL*, Velchuru V, Westwood E (James Paget Univeristy Nhs Foundation Trust Hospital); Belcher E*, Bond-Smith G*, Chidambaram S, Di Chiara F, Fasanmade K, Fraser L, Fu H, Ganau M*, Gore S, Graystone J, Jeyaretna D, Khatkar H, Lami M, Maher M, Mastoridis S, Mihai R, Piper R*, Prabhu S, Risk OBF, Selbong U, Shah K, Smillie R, Soleymani majd H, Sravanam S, Stavroulias D, Tebala GD, Vatish M*, Verberne C, Wallwork K, Winter S* (Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust); Bhatti MI, Boyd-Carson H, Elsey E, Gemmill E, Herrod P*, Jibreel M, Lenzi E, Saafan T, Sapre D, Sian T, Watson N (King’s Mill Hospital); Athanasiou A*, Bourke G, Bradshaw L, Brunelli A*, Burke J, Coe P*, Costigan F, Elkadi H, Ho M*, Johnstone J, Kanatas A, Kantola V, Kaufmann A, Laios A, Lam S, MacInnes E*, Munot S, Nahm C, Otify M, Pompili C, Smith I, Theophilou G*, Toogood G, Wade R*, Ward D, West C (Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust); Annamalai S, Ashmore C, Boddy A, Hossain T*, Kourdouli A (Leicester Royal Infirmary); Gvaramadze A, Jibril A, Prusty L, Thekkinkattil D* (Lincoln County Hospital); Harky A, Shackcloth M* (Liverpool Heart And Chest Hospital); Askari A, Chan C*, Cirocchi N, Kudchadkar S, Patel K, Sagar J*, Shaw S, Talwar R* (Luton And Dunstable University Hospital); Abdalla M, Edmondson R, Ismail O, Jones D, Newton K, Stylianides N* (Manchester Royal Infirmary); Aderombi A, Andaleeb U, Bajomo O, Beatson K, Garrett W*, Mehmood M, Ng V (Medway Hospital); Al-Habsi R, Divya GS, Keeler B* (Milton Keynes University Hospital); Al-Sarireh B*, Egan R, Harries R*, Henry A, Kittur M*, Li Z, Parkins K, Soliman F, Spencer N, Thompson D (Morriston Hospital Swansea); Burgess C*, Gemmell C, Grieco C, Hollyman M*, Hunt L*, Morrison J*, Ojha S, Ryan N (Musgrove Park Hospital); Abbadessa F, Barnard S, Chan C, Dawe N, Hammond J, Mahmoud Ali F, McPherson I, Mellor C, Moir J, Pandanaboyana S*, Powell J, Rai B*, Rogers A*, Roy C, Sachdeva A, Saleh C, Tingle S, Williams T (Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals Nhs Foundation Trust.); Manickavasagam J*, McDonald C*, McGrath N, McSorley N, Ragupathy K*, Ramsay L, Solth A (Ninewells Hospital); Kakisi O, Seebah K, Shaikh I*, Sreedharan L, Youssef M* (Norfolk And Norwich University Hospital); Shah J* (North Manchester General Hospital); Ameerally P (Northampton General Hospital); McLarty N, Mills S*, Shenfine A (Northumbria Nhs Hospital Trust); Sahnan K (Northwick Park Hospital); Abu J, Addae-Boateng E, Bratt D, Brock L, Burnside N*, Cadwell-Sneath S, Gajjar K*, Gan C, Grundy C, Hallam K, Hassell K, Hawari M, Joshi A, Khout H, Konstantinidi K, Lee RXN, Nunns D, Schiemer R, Walton T*, Weaver H, Whisker L*, Williamson K (Nottingham City Hospital); McVeigh J, Myatt R*, Williams MA (Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre); Kaur R, Leung E*, Sundar S* (Pan-Birmingham Gynaecological Cancer Centre); Michel M, Patil S, Ravindran S, Sarveswaran J*, Scott L (Pinderfields Hospital); Edmond M, King E* (Poole Hospital); Almond M*, Bhangu A*, Breik O, Cato LD, Desai A*, Ford S*, Griffiths E*, Idle M, Kamal M, Kisiel A, Kulkarni R, Mak JKC, Martin T, Nankivell P*, Parente A, Parmar S, Pathanki AM, Phelan L, Praveen P, Saeed S, Sharma N, Singh J*, Tirotta F, Vijayan D (Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham); Geddes A, McCaul J*, McMahon J (Queen Elizabeth University Hospital); Khan AH, Khan F, Mansuri A, Mukherjee S*, Patel M, Sarigul M, Singh S, Tan KL, Woodham A (Queen’s Hospital Romford); Adiamah A, Brewer H, Chowdhury A*, Evans J, Humes D*, Jackman J, Koh A, Lewis-Lloyd C, Oyende O, Reilly J, Worku D (Queens Medical Centre); Cool P, Cribb G, Shepherd K* (Robert Jones And Agnes Hunt Orthopaedic Hospital); Bisset C, Moug S* (Royal Alexandra Hospital); Elson N, Faulkner G*, Saleh P, Underwood C (Royal Bolton Hospital); Brixton G, Findlay L, Klatte T*, Majkowska A, Manson J*, Potter R (Royal Bournemouth Hospital); Bhalla A*, Chia Z, Daliya P, Goyal A*, Grimley E, Hamad A, Kumar A*, Malcolm FL, Theophilidou E (Royal Derby Hospital); Bowden J, Campain N, Daniels I, Evans C, Fowler G, John J, Massey L, McDermott F*, McGrath J*, McLennan A, Ng M, Pascoe J, Rajaretnam N (Royal Devon And Exeter Hospital); Bulathsinhala S, Davidson B, Fusai G, Hidalgo Salinas C, Machairas N, Pissanou T, Pollok JM*, Raptis DA, Soggiu F, Tzerbinis H, Xyda SE (Royal Free Hospital); Beamish A, Davies E, Foulkes R*, Magowan D, Nassa H, Ooi R, Price C, Smith L, Solari F, Tang A, Williams G* (Royal Gwent Hospital); Al-Tamimi Y, Bacon A, Beasley N, Chew D, Crank M, Ilenkovan N, Macdonald M, Narice B, Rominiyi O, Thompson A, Varley I* (Royal Hallamshire Hospital); Drake T*, Harrison E*, Linder G, Mayes J, McGregor R, Skipworth R*, Zamvar V* (Royal Infirmary Of Edinburgh); Davies E*, Hawkin P, Raymond T, Ryska O (Royal Lancaster Infirmary); Baron R*, Dunne D, Gahunia S, Halloran C, Howes N*, McKinney R, McNicol F*, Russ J, Szatmary P, Tan JR, Thomas A, Whelan P (Royal Liverpool University Hospital); Anzak A, Banerjee A, Fuwa O, Hughes F*, Jayasinghe JD, Knowles C, Kocher H*, Leal Silva I, Ledesma FS, Minicozzi A*, Navaratne L, Rahman R, Ramamoorthy R, Sohrabi C, Thaha M*, Thakur B*, Venn M, Yip V* (Royal London Hospital); Baumber R, Parry J* (Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital); Evans S, Jeys L, Morris G, Parry M*, Stevenson J (Royal Orthopaedic Hospital); Ahmadi N, Aresu G, Barrett-Brown ZM, Coonar AS*, Durio Yates H, Gearon D, Hogan J, King M, Peryt A, Pradeep IS, Smith C (Royal Papworth Hospital); Adishesh M*, Atherton R*, Baxter K, Brocklehurst M, Chaudhury M, Krishnamohan N*, McAleer J, Owens G, Parkin E*, Patkar P, Phang I* (Royal Preston Hospital); Aladeojebi A, Ali M, Barmayehvar B, Gaunt A*, Gowda M, Halliday E, Kitchen M*, Mansour F, Thomas M*, Zakai D* (Royal Stoke University Hospital); Abbassi-Ghadi N, Assalaarachchi H, Currie A, Flavin M, Frampton A*, Hague M, Hammer C, Hopper J, Horsnell J*, Humphries S, Kamocka A, Madhuri TK*, Preston S, Singh P*, Stebbing J, Tailor A, Walker D* (Royal Surrey County Hospital); Aljanadi F, Jones M*, Mhandu P, O’Donnell C, Turkington R* (Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast); Al-Ishaq Z, Bhasin S, Bodla AS, Burahee A, Crichton A, Fossett R, Pigadas N*, Pickford S, Rahman E, Snee D, Vidya R, Yassin N* (Royal Wolverhampton Nhs Trust); Colombo F, Fountain D, Hasan MT, Karabatsou K*, Laurente R, Pathmanaban O* (Salford Royal Hospital); Al-mukhtar A, Brown S*, Edwards J*, Giblin A, Kelty C, Lee M, Lye G, Newman T, Sharkey A, Steele C, Sureshkumar Shah N, Whitehall E (Sheffield Teaching Hospital Nhs Foundation Trust); Athwal R*, Baker A, Jones L, Konstantinou C, Ramcharan S*, Singh S, Vatish J, Wilkin R (South Warwickshire Nhs Foundation Trust); Ethunandan M, Sekhon GK, Shields H, Singh R*, Wensley F (Southampton General Hospital); Lawday S, Lyons A* (Southmead Hospital); Abbott T, Anwar S, Ghufoor K*, Sohrabi C (St Bartholomew’s Hospital (Non-Cardiac Unit)); Chung E, Hagger R, Hainsworth A, Karim A, Owen H, Ramwell A, Williams K* (St George’s Hospital); Baker C, Davies A, Gossage J, Kelly M*, Knight W (St Thomas’ Hospital); Hall J (Stepping Hill Hospital); Harris G, James G, Kang C, Lin DJ, Rajgor AD, Royle T*, Scurrah R, Steel B, Watson LJ (Sunderland Royal Hospital); Choi D, Hutchison R, Jain A, Luoma V, Marcus H*, May R, Menon A, Pramodana B, Webber L (The National Hospital For Neurology And Neurosurgery); Aneke IA, Asaad P, Brown B, Collis J, Duff S*, Khan A, Moura F, Wadham B, Warburton H (The University Hospital Of South Manchester); Elmoslemany T, Jenkinson M*, Millward C, Zakaria R (The Walton Centre Nhs Foundation Trust); Mccluney S, Parmar C*, Shah S (The Whittington Hospital); Allison J, Babar MS, Collard B, Goodrum S, Lau K, Patel A, Scott R*, Thomas E, Whitmore H (Torbay And South Devon Nhs Trust); Balasubramaniam D*, Jayasankar B*, Kapoor S, Ramachandran A (Tunbridge Wells Hospital); Elhamshary A, Imam SMB, Kapriniotis K, Kasivisvanathan V*, Lindsay J, Rakhshani-Moghadam S (University College London Hospital At Westmoreland Street); Beech N, Chand M*, Green L, Kalavrezos N*, Kiconco H, McEwen R, Schilling C, Sinha D (University College London Hospital); Pereca J*, Singh J (University Hospital Ayr); Chopra S, Egbeare D*, Thomas R (University Hospital Llandough); Combellack T*, Jones SEF*, Kornaszewska M, Mohammed M, Sharma A, Tahhan G, Valtzoglou V, Williams J (University Hospital Of Wales); Eskander P, Gash K*, Gourbault L, Hanna M, Maccabe T, Newton C*, Olivier J, Rozwadowski S, Teh E, West D* (University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust); Al-omishy H, Baig M, Bates H, Di Taranto G, Dickson K, Dunne N, Gill C, Howe D*, Jeevan D*, Khajuria A, Martin-Ucar A*, McEvoy K, Naredla P, Ng V, Robertson S*, Sait M, Sarma DR, Shanbhag S*, Shortland T, Simmonds S, Skillman J, Tewari N*, Walton G (University Hospitals Coventry And Warwickshire Nhs Trusts); Akhtar MA*, Brunt A, McIntyre J, Milne K, Rashid MM, Sgrò A, Stewart KE, Turnbull A (Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy); Aguilar Gonzalez M*, Talukder S* (West Suffolk Hospital); Boyle C, Fernando D, Gallagher K, Laird A*, Tham D (Western General Hospital); Bath M, Patki P*, Sohrabi C, Tanabalan C (Whipps Cross University Hospital); Arif T, Magee C*, Nambirajan T*, Powell S*, Vinayagam R* (Wirral University Teaching Hospital); Flindall I, Hanson A, Mahendran V (Worcestershire Royal Hospital); Green S, Lim M, MacDonald L, Miu V, Onos L, Sheridan K, Young R* (York Teaching Hospitals Nhs Trust); Alam F, Griffiths O, Houlden C, Jones R*, Kolli VS, Lala AK, Leeson S, Peevor R, Seymour Z* (Ysbyty Gwynedd).

United States of America: Chen L, Henderson E*, Loehrer A* (Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center); Brown K*, Fleming D*, Haynes A*, Heron C, Hill C, Kay H, Leede E, McElhinney K, Olson K, Osterberg EC*, Riley C, Srikanth P, Thornhill M (Dell Seton Medical Center At The University Of Texas); Blazer D*, DiLalla G*, Hwang ES*, Lee W, Lidsky M*, Plichta J, Rosenberger L*, Scheri R, Shah K*, Turnage K, Visgauss J, Zani S (Duke University Medical Center); Farma J* (Fox Chase Cancer Center); Clark J, Kwon D* (Henry Ford Hospital); Etchill E, Gabre-Kidan A*, Jenny HE, Kent A, Ladd M, Long C, Malapati H, Margalit A, Rapaport S, Rose J, Stevens K, Tsai L, Vervoort D, Yesantharao P (Johns Hopkins Hospital); Dehal A* (Kaiser Permanente Panorama City Medical Center); Klaristenfeld D* (Kaiser Permanente San Diego Medical Center); Huynh K (Kaiser Permanente West Los Angeles); Brown L, Ganly I* (Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center); Mullinax J* (Moffitt Cancer Center); Gusani N, Hazelton J*, Maines J, Oh JS, Ssentongo A, Ssentongo P (Pennsylvania State University); Azam M, Choudhry A*, Marx W (Suny Upstate University Hospital); Fleming J, Fuson A, Gigliotti J, Ovaitt A, Ying Y* (University Of Alabama Birmingham); Abel MK, Andaya V, Bigay K, Boeck MA, Chen L, Chern H, Corvera C, El-sayed I, Glencer A, Ha P, Hamilton BCS, Heaton C, Hirose K, Jablons DM, Kirkwood K, Kornblith LZ*, Kratz JR, Lee R, Miller PN, Nakakura E, Nunez-Garcia B, O’Donnell R, Ozgediz D, Park P, Robinson B, Sarin A, Sheu B, Varma M, Wai K, Wustrack R, Xu MJ (University Of California, San Francisco (UCSF)); Beswick D*, Goddard J, Manor J, Song J (University Of Colorado Hospital/Memorial Hospital/Medical Center Of The Rockies (All Within Uchealth System)); Fullmer T, Gaskill C, Gross N*, Kiong K, Roland CL*, Zafar SN (University Of Texas Md Anderson Cancer Center); Abdallah M, Abouassi A, Almasri M, Kulkarni G, Marwan H*, Mehdi M (University Of Texas Medical Branch); Aoun S, Ban VS*, Batjer HH, Caruso J (University Of Texas Southwestern); Abbott D, Acher A, Aiken T, Barrett J, Foley E, Schwartz P, Zafar SN* (University Of Wisconsin); Hawkins A*, Maiga A (Vanderbilt University Medical Center).

Uruguay: Laufer J*, Scasso S* (Hospital Pereira Rossell, Montevideo).

AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS

Conception and design: All authors

Administrative support: All authors

Provision of study materials or patients: All authors

Collection and assembly of data: All authors

Data analysis and interpretation: All authors

Manuscript writing: All authors

Final approval of manuscript: All authors

Accountable for all aspects of the work: All authors

AUTHORS' DISCLOSURES OF POTENTIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

Elective Cancer Surgery in COVID-19–Free Surgical Pathways During the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: An International, Multicenter, Comparative Cohort Study

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