Antinociceptive effect of KGNOP1 and morphine after s.c. administration to mice with CFA-induced inflammatory pain. Groups of mice received s.c. saline (control), KGNOP1, or morphine, 72 h after i.pl injection of CFA in the right hindpaw. Paw withdrawal latencies to thermal (Hargreaves test, A) and mechanical stimulation (von Frey test, B) were determined before (baseline, BL), 72 h after CFA injection (0 h), and at different time points up to 24 h after drug administration. Data are presented as the mean ± SEM (n = 6–8 mice per group). * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, and *** p < 0.001 vs. saline group, two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni’s post hoc test; #
p < 0.001 vs. baseline (BL) pre-inoculation values, paired t-test.