The author wants to correct the values of the 95% confidence interval of the standardized mortality ratio (SMR) in Table 3 and Table 4 in the following paper [1].
Table 3.
SMR for all-cause and each cause of death by municipal SES quintile in 1999 and 2019 for men.
| Municipal Socioeconomic Status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 (Lowest) | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 (Highest) | ||
| Cause of Death | Year | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * |
| All cause | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | |
| 2019 | 1.06 (1.05, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.04, 1.05) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.04) | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.97) | |
| Cancer in all sites | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.93 (0.91, 0.95) | 0.95 (0.94, 0.97) | 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | |
| 2019 | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.05) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | |
| Stomach cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.84 (0.80, 0.88) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) | 1.01 (0.97, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | |
| 2019 | 0.94 (0.89, 0.99) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.06) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07) | 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) | |
| Colorectal cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.83 (0.77, 0.88) | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.97) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.03) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | |
| 2019 | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.03) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | |
| Liver cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.79 (0.74, 0.84) | 0.88 (0.84, 0.93) | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.05) | |
| 2019 | 0.97 (0.90, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.97, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.09) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.95, 1.08) | 1.02 (0.98, 1.07) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | |
| 2019 | 0.98 (0.91, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 1.03 (1.00, 1.06) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | |
| Lung cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.96 (0.92, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.96, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.02) | |
| 2019 | 1.00 (0.96, 1.04) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | |
| Heart disease | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.02) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | |
| 2019 | 1.06 (1.03, 1.09) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.01) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.91 (0.87, 0.95) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.94) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | |
| 2019 | 0.82 (0.78, 0.86) | 0.84 (0.81, 0.87) | 0.94 (0.91, 0.97) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.06 (1.05, 1.07) | |
| Stroke | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.08) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | |
| 2019 | 1.16 (1.11, 1.20) | 1.13 (1.10, 1.16) | 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.92, 0.94) | |
| Pneumonia | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.03 (1.00, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.97 (0.95, 1.00) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.01) | |
| 2019 | 1.10 (1.06, 1.14) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.05) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.05) | 0.96 (0.95, 0.97) | |
| Liver disease | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.08) | 0.93 (0.86, 1.00) | 0.87 (0.82, 0.93) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.02) | 1.03 (1.00, 1.05) | |
| 2019 | 1.18 (1.08, 1.28) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.11) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.98) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.03) | |
| Renal failure | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.00 (0.92, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.90, 1.05) | 1.03 (0.96, 1.10) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.02) | |
| 2019 | 1.15 (1.07, 1.24) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.13) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.95) | |
| Natural death | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.15 (1.05, 1.25) | 1.07 (0.99, 1.16) | 1.21 (1.13, 1.29) | 1.07 (1.01, 1.12) | 0.90 (0.86, 0.93) | |
| 2019 | 1.06 (1.01, 1.11) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.98) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | |
| Injury | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.27 (1.21, 1.34) | 1.29 (1.23, 1.34) | 1.22 (1.18, 1.27) | 1.08 (1.05, 1.11) | 0.87 (0.85, 0.88) | |
| 2019 | 1.32 (1.25, 1.39) | 1.25 (1.20, 1.30) | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.06) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.91) | |
| Suicide | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.38 (1.31, 1.46) | 1.21 (1.15, 1.27) | 1.07 (1.02, 1.12) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | 0.93 (0.91, 0.94) | |
| 2019 | 1.42 (1.31, 1.53) | 1.23 (1.16, 1.30) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.14) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.08) | 0.91 (0.88, 0.93) | |
* SMR, standardized mortality ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Table 4.
SMR for all-cause and each cause of death by municipal SES quintile in 1999 and 2019 for women.
| Municipal Socioeconomic Status | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Quintile 1 (Lowest) | Quintile 2 | Quintile 3 | Quintile 4 | Quintile 5 (Highest) | ||
| Cause of Death | Year | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * | SMR (95% CI) * |
| All cause | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | 0.99 (0.98, 1.00) | 0.99 (0.98, 0.99) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.01) | |
| 2019 | 1.02 (1.01, 1.04) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.04) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.04) | 1.01 (1.01, 1.02) | 0.97 (0.97, 0.98) | |
| Cancer in all sites | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.89 (0.87, 0.92) | 0.92 (0.90, 0.94) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.05) | |
| 2019 | 0.93 (0.91, 0.95) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.03) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | 1.00 (0.99, 1.01) | |
| Stomach cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.79 (0.73, 0.84) | 0.88 (0.83, 0.92) | 0.98 (0.94, 1.03) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.05) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.06) | |
| 2019 | 0.90 (0.83, 0.97) | 1.04 (0.99, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.07) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.05) | 0.99 (0.96, 1.01) | |
| Colorectal cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.81 (0.76, 0.87) | 0.91 (0.86, 0.96) | 0.95 (0.90, 1.00) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.08) | |
| 2019 | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) | 0.95 (0.91, 1.00) | 1.03 (0.99, 1.06) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | |
| Liver cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.87 (0.79, 0.94) | 0.90 (0.84, 0.97) | 0.91 (0.85, 0.97) | 0.99 (0.95, 1.04) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.08) | |
| 2019 | 0.99 (0.90, 1.09) | 0.96 (0.89, 1.03) | 1.04 (0.98, 1.10) | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.00) | |
| Pancreatic cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.91 (0.83, 1.00) | 1.01 (0.94, 1.09) | 0.98 (0.92, 1.05) | 1.00 (0.95, 1.05) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | |
| 2019 | 0.94 (0.88, 1.00) | 1.01 (0.96, 1.06) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.95, 1.01) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | |
| Lung cancer | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.97 (0.91, 1.04) | 0.89 (0.84, 0.95) | 0.90 (0.85, 0.95) | 0.96 (0.93, 1.00) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.08) | |
| 2019 | 0.90 (0.85, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.97) | 0.96 (0.93, 1.00) | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.01 (0.99, 1.03) | |
| Heart disease | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.03) | 1.01 (1.00, 1.02) | |
| 2019 | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | 1.07 (1.06, 1.09) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | 0.95 (0.94, 0.96) | |
| Ischemic heart disease | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.92 (0.88, 0.96) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.95) | 0.92 (0.89, 0.96) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.00) | 1.05 (1.03, 1.06) | |
| 2019 | 0.85 (0.81, 0.90) | 0.85 (0.81, 0.88) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.02) | 1.06 (1.04, 1.08) | |
| Stroke | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.96 (0.94, 0.99) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.04 (1.02, 1.07) | 1.04 (1.03, 1.06) | 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) | |
| 2019 | 1.13 (1.09, 1.17) | 1.16 (1.13, 1.19) | 1.08 (1.05, 1.10) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.92 (0.91, 0.93) | |
| Pneumonia | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.99 (0.96, 1.03) | 0.96 (0.93, 0.99) | 0.93 (0.90, 0.96) | 0.99 (0.97, 1.01) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | |
| 2019 | 1.09 (1.05, 1.13) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 1.07 (1.04, 1.09) | 1.03 (1.01, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) | |
| Liver disease | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.93 (0.83, 1.05) | 0.83 (0.74, 0.92) | 0.95 (0.87, 1.03) | 0.96 (0.91, 1.02) | 1.06 (1.02, 1.09) | |
| 2019 | 1.02 (0.91, 1.14) | 1.04 (0.95, 1.13) | 1.02 (0.95, 1.10) | 1.03 (0.97, 1.08) | 0.97 (0.94, 1.01) | |
| Renal failure | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.98 (0.90, 1.06) | 0.95 (0.88, 1.02) | 0.93 (0.88, 0.99) | 1.04 (1.00, 1.09) | 1.01 (0.98, 1.04) | |
| 2019 | 1.20 (1.12, 1.28) | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) | 1.10 (1.05, 1.15) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 0.89 (0.87, 0.92) | |
| Natural death | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.05 (0.99, 1.11) | 1.18 (1.12, 1.23) | 1.16 (1.11, 1.21) | 1.06 (1.03, 1.10) | 0.90 (0.88, 0.92) | |
| 2019 | 1.03 (1.01, 1.06) | 1.00 (0.98, 1.02) | 1.02 (1.00, 1.04) | 0.95 (0.93, 0.96) | 1.02 (1.01, 1.03) | |
| Injury | ||||||
| 1999 | 0.99 (0.92, 1.06) | 1.13 (1.07, 1.19) | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 0.94 (0.92, 0.96) | |
| 2019 | 1.10 (1.04, 1.18) | 1.08 (1.03, 1.13) | 1.10 (1.06, 1.15) | 1.02 (0.99, 1.06) | 0.93 (0.91, 0.95) | |
| Suicide | ||||||
| 1999 | 1.20 (1.10, 1.31) | 1.13 (1.04, 1.21) | 1.06 (0.99, 1.14) | 0.92 (0.88, 0.97) | 0.98 (0.96, 1.01) | |
| 2019 | 1.06 (0.92, 1.21) | 1.00 (0.91, 1.10) | 1.00 (0.93, 1.08) | 0.99 (0.93, 1.04) | 1.00 (0.97, 1.04) | |
* SMR, standardized mortality ratio; CI, confidence interval.
Footnotes
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Reference
- 1.Okui T. Socioeconomic Disparities in All-Cause and Cause-Specific Mortality Rates among Municipalities in Japan, 1999–2019. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health. 2020;17:9213. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17249213. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]