Table 4.
Effect of the harvest date on the maturity index (MI) of olives cv. ‘Chondrolia Chalkidikis’ and ‘Chalkidiki’, on the extracted oil yield and quality indices of the VOOs extracted from οlives cv. Chondrolia Chalkidikis and Chalkidiki at different stages of maturity for four consecutive harvest years (2017/18, 2018/19, 2019/20, 2020/21).
| Harvest Year | Harvest Date | ΜΙ | % Oil Yield | C ** | h ** | TChl ** | Acidity * (%oleic acid) |
PV * (meqO2/kg) |
K232 * | Κ270 * |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VOOs produced at laboratory scale | ||||||||||
| 2017/18 | 15/9 | 0.9 ± 0.0 | 6.9 | 65.4 ± 0.5 | 98.3 ± 0.0 | 50.2 ± 0.1 | 0.22 | 6.3 | 1.83 | 0.13 |
| 8/10 | 2.0 ± 0.4 | 15.5 | 102.5 ± 2.2 | 94.6 ± 0.1 | 35.2 ± 0.1 | 0.22 | 5.8 | 1.95 | 0.13 | |
| 15/10 | 2.7 ± 0.5 | 17.1 | 88.4 ± 0.5 | 90.8 ± 0.0 | 16.8 ± 0.1 | 0.23 | 3.3 | 1.43 | 0.09 | |
| 22/10 | 3.2 ± 0.4 | 19.8 | 92.5 ± 0.7 | 91.4 ± 0.1 | 15.9 ± 0.1 | 0.23 | 6.0 | 1.71 | 0.13 | |
| 29/10 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 19.8 | 91.6 ± 0.9 | 91.2 ± 0.1 | 14.8 ± 0.0 | 0.23 | 3.7 | 1.57 | 0.14 | |
| 16/11 | 3.7 ± 0.4 | 15.2 | 96.2 ± 0.2 | 90.8 ± 0.0 | 3.1 ± 0.0 | 0.28 | 1.6 | 1.36 | 0.10 | |
| 2018/19 | 15/9 | 0.9 ± 0.1 | 6.6 | 81.1 ± 4.0 | 91.4 ± 0.1 | 38.9 ± 0.1 | 0.34 | 8.5 | 1.56 | 0.09 |
| 3/10 | 1.3 ± 0.2 | 10.8 | 71.9 ± 0.7 | 90.7 ± 0.1 | 32.8 ± 0.1 | 0.33 | 8.2 | 1.73 | 0.13 | |
| 8/10 | 1.7 ± 0.6 | 11.4 | 75.7 ± 4.4 | 90.5 ± 0.1 | 32.6 ± 0.1 | 0.32 | 8.6 | 1.63 | 0.12 | |
| 15/10 | 2.3 ± 0.7 | 11.6 | 77.2 ± 1.6 | 89.4 ± 0.0 | 23.2 ± 0.0 | 0.32 | 10.3 | 1.70 | 0.13 | |
| 22/10 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | 11.7 | 73.9 ± 7.9 | 89.4 ± 0.2 | 24.8 ± 0.0 | 0.34 | 6.1 | 1.56 | 0.09 | |
| 2019/20 | 15/9 | 0.8 ± 0.0 | 8.0 | 50.6 ± 1.9 | 98.8 ± 0.3 | 25.9 ± 0.1 | 0.34 | 8.8 | 1.79 | 0.14 |
| 3/10 | 1.4 ± 0.1 | 8.3 | 54.6 ± 0.7 | 94.6 ± 0.1 | 30.8 ± 0.0 | 0.34 | 8.7 | 1.55 | 0.12 | |
| 8/10 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 9.7 | 62.9 ± 0.7 | 91.3 ± 0.1 | 24.7 ± 0.1 | 0.37 | 8.5 | 1.67 | 0.15 | |
| 15/10 | 3.1 ± 0.3 | 12.7 | 73.2 ± 0.5 | 89.5 ± 0.0 | 9.5 ± 0.0 | 0.34 | 8.3 | 1.81 | 0.16 | |
| 22/10 | 3.6 ± 0.2 | 13.2 | 62.8 ± 0.4 | 92.1 ± 0.1 | 4.2 ± 0.2 | 0.42 | 8.1 | 1.54 | 0.13 | |
| 29/10 | 3.8 ± 03 | 14.4 | 67.0 ± 1.9 | 89.2 ± 0.1 | 5.5 ± 0.0 | 0.42 | 6.4 | 1.63 | 0.13 | |
| 16/11 | 4.0 ± 0.2 | 8.3 | 49.1 ± 0.8 | 89.1 ± 0.0 | 0.74 ± 0.02 | 0.51 | 7.6 | 1.50 | 0.10 | |
| 2020/21 | 15/9 | 1.0 ± 0.0 | 11.0 | 64.8 ± 5.2 | 92.0 ± 0.8 | 52.07 ± 0.78 | 0.28 | 9.2 | 1.66 | 0.12 |
| 3/10 | 2.2 ± 0.5 | 14.2 | 67.4 ± 0.7 | 91.3 ± 0.2 | 36.99 ± 0.19 | 0.25 | 10.2 | 1.49 | 0.11 | |
| 22/10 | 3.3 ± 0.4 | 14.0 | 75.2 ± 1.5 | 88.2 ± 0.3 | 24.22 ± 0.02 | 0.31 | 10.6 | 1.62 | 0.10 | |
| 29/10 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | 14.0 | 87.5 ± 1.9 | 88.3 ± 0.4 | 7.83 ± 0.02 | 0.36 | 10.0 | 1.49 | 0.11 | |
| VOOs produced at industrial scale | ||||||||||
| 2017/18 Mill17_29/10 | 29/10 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | n.a. | 103.4 ± 06 | 90.2 ± 0.0 | 18.29 ± 0.09 | 0.23 | 8.1 | 1.47 | 0.14 |
| 2018/19 Mill18_22/10 | 22/10 | 2.4 ± 0.5 | n.a | 85 ± 3.4 | 86.8 ± 0.1 | 17.40 ± 0.01 | 0.73 | 13.4 | 1.77 | 0.11 |
| 2019/20 Mill19_16/11 | 16/11 | 4.1 ± 0.2 | n.a | 59.8 ± 0.6 | 86.8 ± 0.1 | 5.74 ± 0.04 | 0.53 | 8.2 | 1.54 | 0.11 |
| 2020/21 Mill20_29/10 | 29/10 | 3.8 ± 0.3 | n.a | 95.7 ± 0.2 | 84.8 ± 0.2 | 11.46 ± 0.22 | 0.62 | 14.0 | 1.70 | 0.13 |
* Mean values (n = 2); ** Mean value ± standard deviation (n = 3); n.a. = not available from the mill records; PV: peroxide value; C*: chroma value; h*: hue angle value; TChl: total chlorophyll content.