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. 2012 Jul 28;27(4):248–253. doi: 10.1007/s12250-012-3255-8

Genetic variation of the VP1 gene of the virulent duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) isolates in Shandong province of China

Jiming Gao 1,2, Junhao Chen 1,2, Xingkui Si 3, Zhijing Xie 1,2, Yanli Zhu 1,2, Xingxiao Zhang 1,2, Shujing Wang 1,2, Shijin Jiang 1,2,✉
PMCID: PMC8218140  PMID: 22899433

Abstract

To investigate the relationship of the variation of virulence and the external capsid proteins of the pandemic duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) isolates, the virulence, cross neutralization assays and the complete sequence of the virion protein 1 (VP1) gene of nine virulent DHAV-1 strains, which were isolated from infected ducklings with clinical symptoms in Shandong province of China in 2007–2008, were tested. The fifth generation duck embryo allantoic liquids of the 9 isolates were tested on 12-day-old duck embryos and on 7-day-old ducklings for the median embryonal lethal doses (ELD50s) and the median lethal doses (LD50s), respectively. The results showed that the ELD50s of embryonic duck eggs of the 9 DHAV-1 isolates were between 1.9 × 106/mL to 1.44 × 107/mL, while the LD50s were 2.39 × 105/mL to 6.15 × 106/mL. Cross-neutralization tests revealed that the 9 DHAV-1 isolates were completely neutralized by the standard serum and the hyperimmune sera against the 9 DHAV-1 isolates, respectively. Compared with other virulent, moderate virulent, attenuated vaccine and mild strains, the VP1 genes of the 9 strains shared 89.8%–99.7% similarity at the nucleotide level and 92.4%–99.6% at amino acid level with other DHAV-1 strains. There were three hypervariable regions at the C-terminus (aa 158–160, 180–193 and 205–219) and other variable points in VP1 protein, but which didn’t cause virulence of DHAV-1 change.

Keywords: Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1), Embryonal lethal dose (ELD50), Lethal dose (LD50), Cross-neutralization tests, Virion protein 1 (VP1)

Footnotes

Foundation items: the Chinese National Natural Sciences Foundation (30871878), Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program (J08LF07) and the Science and Technology Commission of Shandong Province (2010GNC10914), China.

These authors contributed equally to this work.

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