Abstract
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. Complying with an extension of the previous mandate, which now covers the period 2021–2026, the current version of Xylella spp. host plant database updates the previous release dated April 2020. Informative data have been extracted from 86 recent publications retrieved through an extensive literature search. This report is related to the fourth version of the database published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, covering articles selected from: a systematic literature review conducted up to 31 December 2020, Europhyt outbreak notifications up to 18 March 2021 and communications from research groups and national authorities. Forty‐three new host plant species of X. fastidiosa, identified through the data extracted from the selected publications, have been added to the database. Those plant species were reported as naturally or artificially infected by subsp. fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca or unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication) subspecies of X. fastidiosa. New information on the tolerant/resistant response of plant species or varieties to X. fastidiosa infection is also reported. No additional data were retrieved for X. taiwanensis. This new version of the database includes no update on the number of Sequence Types (STs) identified so far, which remains unchanged. The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants determined with at least two different detection methods or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation) reaches now 385 plant species, 179 genera and 67 families. Such numbers rise to 638 plant species, 289 genera and 87 families if considered regardless of the detection method applied. The database will be issued twice per year, with the aim to provide information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp.
Keywords: Xylella spp., Xylella fastidiosa, host plants, database, data extraction, subspecies, Sequence Types
1. Introduction
1.1. Background and Terms of Reference as provided by the requestor
In the context of Article 31 of Regulation (EC) No 178/2002, EFSA was asked by the European Commission DG SANTE to provide technical assistance in the field of plant health as regards the regulated harmful organism Xylella fastidiosa, as per letter to EFSA's Director dated 30 June 2016 (Reference ARES(2016)3126989).
EFSA was requested to further specify and update the host plants database of X. fastidiosa available in 2016 (EFSA, 2016, 2018) taking into account the different X. fastidiosa subspecies and strains (with particular reference to the European isolates), with the inclusion of information on non‐susceptible plants and varieties and negative results of diagnostic tests when available. EFSA was requested to maintain and update this database periodically and to make new releases available on the EFSA website, together with a Scientific Report. The database should focus on plants confirmed to be infected by at least two detection methods in field conditions or via vector transmission under experimental conditions. Such request was for the period 2016–2020.
This mandate was extended by the European Commission DG SANTE for the period 2021–2026, with the aim to continue the update of that database. EFSA is requested to deliver two updates per year of the database.
1.2. Interpretation of the Terms of Reference
EFSA delivered in September 2018 a renovated database of host plants of Xylella spp., taking into account both species of the genus Xylella (X. fastidiosa and X. taiwanensis) (EFSA, 2018), which was further updated in April 2020 (EFSA, 2020). Raw data and interactive reports were published in Zenodo1 in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community and in Microstrategy2 platform, together with a Scientific Report.
As per Terms of Reference (ToR), EFSA was requested to maintain and update the Xylella spp. host plant database for the period 2021–2026, and to publish new releases online together with a report twice per year. This Scientific Report provides a new update on the database of host plants of Xylella spp. published in 2020 (EFSA, 2020). An extensive literature search was conducted to retrieve recent publications on the topic and new informative data on host plant species of Xylella spp. were collected. Such report provides information on the literature review and a detailed view on the currently known host plants of Xylella spp.
2. Data and methodologies
The methodologies developed for the Xylella spp. host plant database published in 2018 (EFSA, 2018) were applied in this report.
The process was divided in the following steps:
Extensive literature search to identify relevant references.
Selection of studies based on title, abstract and full text.
Data extraction of relevant information.
Data analysis and reporting.
2.1. Extensive literature search
The review question ‘Which plant species can host Xylella/Xylella associated disease?’ was broken down into key stages using the P/O conceptual model described in the EFSA systematic review guidance (EFSA, 2010):
Population of interest (P)
The population of interest is that of plant species, worldwide.
Outcome (condition of interest) (O)
The outcome (condition of interest) is that of Xylella spp. infection.
Two main elements were considered for the extensive literature search: the sources of information (Table 1) to be consulted and the search strategy (Table 2).
Table 1.
Sources of information
| Database | Platform |
|---|---|
| Scopus | Scopus |
| BIOSIS Citation Index | Web of Science |
| CABI: CAB Abstracts® | |
| Chinese Science Citation DatabaseSM | |
| Current Contents Connect | |
| Data Citation Index | |
| FSTA® ‐ the food science resource | |
| KCI‐Korean Journal Database | |
| MEDLINE® | |
| Russian Science Citation Index | |
| SciELO Citation Index | |
Web of Science Core Collection
| |
| Zoological Record |
Table 2.
Search strings and results
| Platform | Query | Results |
|---|---|---|
| Scopus | (TITLE‐ABS‐KEY (xylella OR xyllela OR xylela OR (pierce* W/2 disease) OR (((plum OR plums) AND “leaf scald*”)) OR ((phony W/2 (peach* OR disease*))) OR ((citrus AND variegat* AND chlorosis)) OR crespera OR “almond leaf scorch*” OR “bacterial leaf scorch*” OR “coffee leaf scorch*” OR “mulberry leaf scorch*” OR “oleander leaf scorch*” OR “sycamore leaf scorch*” OR “Periwinkle wilt” OR “Ragweed stunt” OR ((olive W/50 “quick decline syndrome”)) OR “Xylem inhabiting bacteri*” OR “Xylem limited bacteri*” OR fxib OR fxjb OR “rickettsialike bacteri*” OR “rickettsia like bacteri*”)) AND (ORIG‐LOAD‐DATE > 20190701 AND ORIG‐LOAD‐DATE < 20201231)) | 174 |
| Web of Science | TS=(xylella OR xyllela OR xylela OR (pierce* NEAR/2 disease) OR (((Plum OR plums) AND “leaf scald*”)) OR ((Phony NEAR/2 (peach* OR disease*))) OR ((citrus AND variegat* AND chlorosis)) OR crespera OR “almond leaf scorch*” OR “bacterial leaf scorch*” OR “coffee leaf scorch*” OR “mulberry leaf scorch*” OR “oleander leaf scorch*” OR “sycamore leaf scorch*” OR “Periwinkle wilt” OR “Ragweed stunt” OR ((Olive NEAR “quick decline syndrome”)) OR “Xylem inhabiting bacteri*” OR “Xylem limited bacteri*” OR FXIB OR FXJB OR “rickettsialike bacteri*” OR “rickettsia like bacteri*”) | 699 |
2.1.1. Information sources
The search strategy was run in all databases listed in Table 1 via the Web of Science (Clarivate Analytics) and Scopus platforms with no language or document type restriction.
2.1.2. Search terms
The syntax of the search string, developed for the Xylella spp. host plants database published in 2018 (EFSA, 2018), was adapted and run into each platform databases listed in Table 1 on 20 January 2021. As the scope of the search was to retrieve references published after June 2019, the selected time span was from 1 July 2019 up to 31 December 2020. The search strings and the number of retrieved references are shown in Table 2.
The collected records were downloaded and imported into an EndNote X9 library (Clarivate Analytics). Duplicates, references already included in the update published in 2020 (EFSA, 2020) and data set links were removed using EndNote X9 and the remaining references were uploaded on DistillerSR online3 together with the full texts in portable document format (pdf).
Thirteen additional documents containing relevant information were obtained from research groups, communications of national authorities and Europhyt outbreak notifications4 (accessed on 18 March 2021).
2.2. Study selection
The collected references were screened for relevance in two steps:
Title and abstract screening.
Full‐text screening of the references that passed the first step.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied in each step and two reviewers worked in parallel screening the references.
The first step required the reviewers to answer two questions, listed in Table 3, considering only title and abstract of the references. The aim of this step was to select only references presenting original research data on Xylella or Xylella‐associated disease.
Table 3.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria for title and abstract screening
| Question text | Type of answer | Answer text | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Is Xylella/a Xylella associated disease/a Xylella synonym the topic of the study? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Included |
| No | Excluded | ||
| Is it a primary research study? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Included |
| No | Excluded |
The references that passed the first step were submitted to the full‐text screening. This second step required the reviewers to answer four questions (Table 4): three of them are descriptive (neutral) whereas the fourth has an inclusion/exclusion role.
Table 4.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria at full‐text screening
| Question text | Type of answer | Answer text | Exclusion criteria |
|---|---|---|---|
| Is an English abstract present? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Neutral |
| No | Neutral | ||
| Which is the type of the publication? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Peer‐reviewed article | Neutral |
| Article | Neutral | ||
| Book | Neutral | ||
| Conference proceedings | Neutral | ||
| Abstract | Neutral | ||
| Technical publication/Report | Neutral | ||
| Other | Neutral | ||
| Is the Xylella host plant the main scope of the study? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Neutral |
| No | Neutral | ||
| Is Xylella/a Xylella‐associated disease/a Xylella synonym studied in association to a host plant? | Only one of the possible alternative answers can be selected | Yes | Included |
| No | Excluded |
2.3. Data extraction
Informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted from the selected references. For each reference, the first reviewer performed the data extraction whereas the second reviewer conducted the quality check of the extracted data.
Table 5.
Data extraction structure
| Extracted data | Description |
|---|---|
| General information | In this section the general information about the study is reported |
| RecordID | Unique number allocated to each row |
| RefID | Unique number allocated to each reference within the DistillerSR software |
| Reference | Full reference |
| Publication year | Year of the publication |
| Starting year | Starting year of the study, as reported in the publication |
| Ending year | Ending year of the study, as reported in the publication |
| Botanical identification | The botanical identification of the plant, both as reported in the publication and according to the updated taxonomy of the EPPO Global Database 5 , is reported in this section |
| Plant EPPO code | EPPO code of the plant species, from the EPPO global database5. For plant species not present in the EPPO global database, a new code was created in the EFSA catalogue. |
| Plant family | Plant family, from the EPPO global database5 |
| Plant genus | Plant genus, from the EPPO global database5 |
| Plant species | Plant species, from the EPPO global database5 |
| Reported plant species | Name of the plant species as reported in the publication |
| Common name | Common name of the plant species, as reported in the publication |
| Cultivar | Cultivar or plant variety, as reported in the publication |
| Infection information | Detailed information about the infection and location of the plant is reported in this section |
| Infection method (Level 1) | The infection of the plant can be natural, artificial or not specified |
| Infection method (Level 2) | Subcategories of natural infection: during survey activity, during research activity. ‘Research activity’ is used when plants are planted under natural inoculum pressure and infection development was monitored without interfering. Subcategories of artificial infection: mechanical inoculation (detailed at level 3a), vector transmission (detailed at level 3b) |
| Mechanical inoculation (Level 3a) | Subcategories of mechanical inoculation: budding, grafting, needle, root uptake, stem absorption, syringe |
| Infection vector species (Level 3b) | Insect species used in the artificial vector transmission |
| Location type | The place where the plant was placed: natural habitat, greenhouse, screenhouse, interception, not specified |
| Geographic information | In this section the geographical location of the plant is reported, as detailed as possible. In case of intercepted plant, the reported location is the geographical origin of the plant and not the country and location where it was intercepted |
| Country code | From the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature |
| Country | From the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature |
| Location | Location description (state/region/province/municipality) from the EFSA catalogue, based on NUTS (Eurostat) and GAUL (FAO) territorial unit nomenclature |
| Additional Location | Additional information on the location, as reported in the publication |
| Coordinates precision | Coordinates as reported in the publication |
| Latitude | Latitude, as reported in the publication |
| Longitude | Longitude, as reported in the publication |
| Pest description | Information about the pest is reported in this section, together with genetic data |
| Pest EPPO code | EPPO code of the pest, from the EPPO global database5 |
| Pest species | Name of Xylella spp., from the EPPO global database5 |
| Pest subspecies | Xylella fastidiosa subspecies, from the EPPO global database5. If the subspecies is inferred from another publication, a note is added to the genotyping comment |
| Reported pest | Name of Xylella spp. as reported in the publication. Names used before the genus Xylella was established (up to 1987): Alfalfa dwarf virus, Morus suffodiens virus, Phony peach bacterium, Pierce's disease bacterium, Pierce's disease virus, Rickettsia‐like bacteria, Rod‐shaped bacteria, Xylem‐inhabiting bacteria. Names used from 1987 (when the genus Xylella was established): Xylella fastidiosa, Xylella taiwanensis |
| Disease | Name of the disease caused by Xylella spp., as reported in the publication: Alfalfa dwarf, Almond leaf scorch, Bacterial leaf scorch, Blueberry bacterial leaf scorch, Citrus variegated chlorosis, Coffee leaf scorch, Coffee stem atrophy, Crespera, Elm leaf scorch, Leaf scorch disease, Mulberry leaf scorch, Oleander leaf scorch, Olive quick decline syndrome, Pear leaf scorch, Pecan bacterial leaf scorch, Periwinkle wilt, Phony peach disease, Pierce disease, Plum leaf scald, Potato purple top disease, Ragweed stunt, Sweetgum dieback, Sycamore leaf scorch |
| Strain | Name of the strain of Xylella spp., as reported in the publication |
| MLST (Multilocus Sequence Type) | Sequence Type (ST) of Xylella fastidiosa, as reported in the publication. If the ST is inferred from another publication, a note is added in the genotyping comment |
| Genotyping comment | Comment or additional information regarding the pest |
| Methods of identification | In this section the identification methods applied to detect Xylella spp. infection are listed. Eight detection methods were considered and for each of them the outcome of the analysis (positive or negative), together with the number of infected plants and the total number of analysed plants, were reported. Moreover, additional information could be added in the comment column beside each detection method |
| Symptoms | Observation of symptoms in the plant, as reported in the publication |
| Symptoms expression in test plants | Observation of symptom development in test plants after an attempt to transmit the pathogen through vectors |
| Culture | Pure culture isolation (i.e. isolation of cultivable bacteria from tissue samples on solid culture media) |
| Microscopy | Observation of Xylella spp. bacteria through microscopic analysis techniques |
| ELISA | Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay |
| Other immunological techniques | Immunological techniques other than ELISA |
| PCR‐based methods | Polymerase chain reaction‐based methods (PCR, nested PCR, qPCR, etc.) |
| Sequencing | Sequence analysis |
| Host status | Information about the tolerance and resistance response of the plant |
| Tolerance/Resistance reported | Tolerant/resistant status of the plant, as reported in the publication |
| Tolerance/Resistance category | Categories describing the response of the tolerant/resistant plant: lack of infection or negative reading, lack of systemic movement, lack or reduction of symptoms, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower bacterial population, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower bacterial population – lower disease incidence, lack or reduction of symptoms – lower disease incidence, lower bacterial population, lower bacterial population – lower disease incidence, lower disease incidence, infection not persistent, reported as tolerant/resistant (no details) |
| Tolerance/Resistance comment | Comment on the tolerant/resistant response of the plant, as reported in the publication |
| Additional information | |
| Comment | Additional relevant information or comment on the study |
| Confirmed record | ‘Yes’ for confirmed records, ‘No’ for unconfirmed/dubious records. Unconfirmed records were included in the data extraction but excluded from the data analysis |
2.4. Data warehouse
A harmonised data model has been established to collect data on Xylella spp. host plants. The aim was to establish a harmonised data flow for the collection and the collation of an extensive literature review generated data in the plant health domain. Data are stored in EFSA Scientific Data Warehouse (S‐DWH), after that an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) procedure is applied in order to harmonise and calculated the statistics.
2.4.1. Data management
The collected data have been submitted to the EFSA Data Collection Framework (DCF). DCF is the upfront system in the EFSA pipeline of data collection tools and allows a first step of harmonisation against the EFSA controlled reference terminology (aka EFSA catalogues). Data have been then included in the S‐DWH by means of a standardised Extract Transform Load (ETL) procedure and they have been further analysed and managed to generate needed statistics.
Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella
Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to Version 4 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343).
2.4.2. Data reporting
Data reporting was designed to distinguish the Xylella spp. host plant species, based on the number and type of detection methods applied for each finding. Different combinations of detection methods were considered:
Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).
3. Results
3.1. Results of the literature review
The extensive literature search was conducted on 20 January 2021 on Web of Science and Scopus platforms and 873 references were collected. Duplicates were removed and 281 references were uploaded in DistillerSR and screened for relevance. Results of the screening process are shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Flow diagram of the screening process
In the first step, i.e. title and abstract screening, 162 references were excluded either because they do not focus on Xylella or Xylella associated diseases and/or they are not primary research studies. The selected 119 references were subjected to the second step of the screening process, i.e. the full text screening. Seventy‐three references, in which Xylella spp. is studied is association to a host plant (i.e. in vivo), were selected. Data extraction of two selected references was postponed to the next update of the database foreseen in November 2021. Thirteen additional references retrieved from research groups, communications of national authorities and Europhyt outbreak notifications4 and containing informative data were included in the data extraction. Totally, 86 references (listed in Appendix E) were included in this fourth update of the database and from which informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted.
3.2. Update of records already included in the database
Two records already included in the previous versions of the database have been updated following expert personal communication to EFSA. The sample of Rosa sp. (RecordID 8094) reported in the reference RefID3207 was finally identified as Rosa × floribunda and the results of the analysis were unconfirmed/dubious. Unconfirmed records are included in the data extraction but excluded from the data analysis. In the same reference, the sample identified as Cistus sp. (RecordID8020) was further identified as Cistus monspeliensis. Both records were updated accordingly, and an explanatory comment was added to the database.
3.3. Host plant species of Xylella spp.
The updated numbers of host plant species, genera and families (according to the different categories reported in Section 2.4.2) are reported in Figure 2 and Table 6. The number of plant species raised to 385 (179 genera and 67 families) according to category A (i.e. plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation)) to 638 plant species (289 genera and 87 families) of category E (i.e. all positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods).
Figure 2.
Number of host plant species according to the different categories (as described in Section 2.4.2). Plant species in category A are included in category B; plant species in category B are included in category C; plant species in category C are included in category D; plant species in category D are included in category E
Table 6.
Number of host plant species, genera and families of Xylella spp. according to categories A, B, C, D, E (based on the detection methods applied – see Section 2.4.2)
| A | B | C | D | E | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of host plant species | 385 | 390 | 622 | 631 | 638 |
| Number of host plant genera | 179 | 180 | 288 | 288 | 289 |
| Number of host plant families | 67 | 67 | 87 | 87 | 87 |
Compared to the previous version of the database published in 2020 (EFSA, 2020), 43 plant species (14 genera and 2 families) were identified as new hosts of X. fastidiosa. Those plant species, genera and families were not previously reported in the database. Details of those new hosts of X. fastidiosa are highlighted in Table 7.
Table 7.
New host plants of X. fastidiosa. For each host plant, the infection method (natural or artificial), the country (only for natural infections), the X. fastidiosa subspecies (fastidiosa, pauca, multiplex or unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication)) and the category (A or C – see Section 2.4.2) are reported. New plant species, new genera and new families are highlighted in bold
| Plant family | Plant genus | Plant species | Infection method | X. fastidiosa subspecies | Country | Category |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fabaceae | Acacia | Acacia melanoxylon | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Fabaceae | Adenocarpus | Adenocarpus lainzii | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Asteraceae | Artemisia | Artemisia absinthium | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Woodsiaceae | Athyrium | Athyrium filix‐femina | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Myrtaceae | Callistemon | Callistemon citrinus | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Ericaceae | Calluna | Calluna vulgaris | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya aquatica | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya cathayensis | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya cordiformis | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya floridana | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya glabra | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya laciniosa | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya pallida | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya palmeri | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Juglandaceae | Carya | Carya tomentosa | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Cistaceae | Cistus | Cistus inflatus | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Ranunculaceae | Clematis | Clematis cirrhosa | Natural | multiplex | Spain | A |
| Fabaceae | Coronilla | Coronilla sp. | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Boraginaceae | Echium | Echium plantagineum | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Rhamnaceae | Frangula | Frangula alnus | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Fabaceae | Pterospartum | Genista tridentata | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Fabaceae | Gleditsia | Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Malvaceae | Hibiscus | Hibiscus syriacus | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Malvaceae | Lavatera | Lavatera cretica | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Caprifoliaceae | Lonicera | Lonicera implexa | Natural | multiplex | Italy | A |
| Lamiaceae | Perovskia | Perovskia abrotanoides | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Oleaceae | Phillyrea | Phillyrea angustifolia | Natural | multiplex | Spain | A |
| Myrtaceae | Psidium | Psidium sp. | Natural | fastidiosa | Costa Rica | A |
| Dennstaedtiaceae | Pteridium | Pteridium aquilinum | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Rhamnaceae | Rhamnus | Rhamnus sp. | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Lamiaceae | Rosmarinus | Rosmarinus sp. | Natural | multiplex | France | A |
| Rutaceae | Ruta | Ruta chalepensis | Natural | fastidiosa | Spain | A |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia | Salvia officinalis | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Lamiaceae | Salvia | Salvia officinalis | Natural | unknown | Spain | A |
| Adoxaceae | Sambucus | Sambucus nigra | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Asteraceae | Santolina | Santolina magonica | Natural | multiplex | Spain | A |
| Fabaceae | Ulex | Ulex parviflorus | Natural | pauca | Spain | A |
| Fabaceae | Ulex | Ulex sp. | Natural | multiplex | Portugal | A |
| Vitaceae | Vitis | Vitis hybrids | Natural | fastidiosa | United States | A |
| Vitaceae | Vitis | Vitis riparia | Natural | unknown | United States | A |
| Plant family | Plant genus | Plant species | Infection method | X. fastidiosa subspecies | Country | Category |
| Lamiaceae | Ocimum | Ocimum basilicum | Artificial | pauca | – | A |
| Vitaceae | Vitis | Vitis × doaniana | Artificial | fastidiosa | – | C |
| Vitaceae | Vitis | Vitis treleasei | Artificial | fastidiosa | – | C |
| Vitaceae | Vitis | Vitis vinifera hybrid | Artificial | fastidiosa | – | C |
Thirty‐nine new host plant species were naturally infected and identified both in the EU (France, Italy, Portugal, Spain) and outside the EU (Costa Rica and United States). Only four new host plants were identified through artificial infections. The X. fastidiosa subspecies multiplex was identified in 24 new host plant species naturally infected in the EU. Six new host plants were infected by X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa: three in artificial infections and three naturally infected (in Costa Rica, Spain and the United States). The X. fastidiosa subsp. pauca was identified in two new host plant species (one natural infected in Spain and one artificially infected), while in 12 new host plants, the X. fastidiosa subspecies was not reported (i.e. unknown).
Apart from one new host genus naturally infected in Costa Rica, and one artificially infected, the remaining 12 hew host genera were all identified as naturally infected in the EU (France, Portugal and Spain). The two new host families were reported in Portugal.
The overall number of host plant species infected naturally, artificially and in unspecified conditions by the different X. fastidiosa subspecies and according to the different categories are reported in Tables 8, 9 and 10. The plant species behind the numbers shown in those tables are listed in Appendices A, B and C. In those appendices, the full lists of plant species infected by the different X. fastidiosa subspecies naturally, artificially and in not specified conditions according to the five categories are shown.
Table 8.
Number of host plant species, naturally infected, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2)
| Category | fastidiosa | fastidiosa_sandyi | morus | multiplex | pauca | sandyi | tashke | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 49 | 2 | 4 | 179 | 52 | 7 | 1 | 161 |
| B | 49 | 2 | 4 | 179 | 52 | 7 | 1 | 166 |
| C | 52 | 2 | 4 | 185 | 55 | 8 | 1 | 363 |
| D | 52 | 2 | 4 | 185 | 55 | 8 | 1 | 369 |
| E | 52 | 2 | 4 | 185 | 55 | 8 | 1 | 380 |
Table 9.
Number of host plant species, artificially infected, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2)
| Category | fastidiosa | morus | multiplex | pauca | sandyi | tashke | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 39 | 2 | 19 | 19 | 5 | 0 | 89 |
| B | 40 | 2 | 19 | 20 | 5 | 0 | 94 |
| C | 72 | 2 | 22 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 202 |
| D | 72 | 2 | 22 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 208 |
| E | 73 | 2 | 23 | 26 | 6 | 1 | 216 |
Table 10.
Number of host plant species, infected in unspecified conditions, susceptible to the different X. fastidiosa subspecies according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as described in Section 2.4.2)
| Category | fastidiosa | multiplex | pauca | sandyi | unknown |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 7 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 16 |
| B | 7 | 13 | 8 | 1 | 18 |
| C | 7 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 27 |
| D | 7 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 29 |
| E | 7 | 16 | 8 | 2 | 31 |
The highest number of plant species naturally infected is recorded for X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex (179 according to category A, up to 185 for category E), followed by subsp. pauca and subsp. fastidiosa. Eighty‐nine plant species were artificially infected with X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported) according to category A, raising to 216 for category E. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa was able to infect 39 plant species (category A, and 73 for category E) in experimental conditions.
No new host plants were reported for the pathogen species Xylella taiwanensis that so far was recorded only in Pyrus pyrifolia plants.
3.4. X. fastidiosa Sequence Types and host plants association
The full list of plant species infected by the different X. fastidiosa Sequence Types (ST) in natural, artificial and not specified conditions is reported in Appendix D. For each plant species, the number of records reporting infection by that specific ST is counted. For natural infection, it is also reported the country where the plant species have been identified, whereas for artificial and not specified infection only, the total number of records is present in the Appendix.
Totally, 1,711 records reporting information on 231 plant species infected by 87 different STs have been reported in the database. Most of the records (1,273) refer to natural infections that were reported in North, Central and South America (United States of America, Mexico, Honduras, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Brazil and Argentina), Europe (Portugal, Spain, France and Italy). The highest number of records for artificial infections belong to STs of subsp. pauca (186 records), whereas ST1 (subsp. fastidiosa) still remains the most studied ST, now with 154 records.
Compared to the previous version of the database (EFSA, 2020), no new STs have been identified worldwide. ST87 belonging to subsp. multiplex and identified in 2018 in Tuscany (Italy) hence remains the last sequence type identified so far, although the number of species (26) and records (54) where this ST is reported has risen considerably since the last update.
3.5. Tolerant and resistant response of plant species
Information on tolerant and resistant response of plant species to X. fastidiosa infection have also been reported in the database. The list of plant genera and species for which tolerant and resistant response have been identified is reported in Table 11. Hundred and thirty‐five additional records have been inserted in the database compared to the previous version (EFSA, 2020), most of them belonging to the genus Vitis. Information on tolerant/resistant status have been reported on 70 plant species with a total number of 622 records, but the most studied genera are Vitis, Citrus and Prunus (342, 175 and 54 records, respectively), reflecting the important economic value of these crop plant species. Research on tolerance and resistance is also gaining increasing interest with reference to the Olea genus (23 records), due to several recent studies carried out in the Apulian outbreak on olive cultivar responses to X. fastidiosa strain De Donno infection.
Table 11.
Number of records reporting tolerant/resistant response for plant genus and species
| Plant genus and species | Number of records |
|---|---|
| Arabidopsis | 4 |
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 4 |
| Citrus | 175 |
| Citrus celebica | 1 |
| Citrus clementina | 4 |
| Citrus jambhiri | 2 |
| Citrus junos | 1 |
| Citrus latifolia | 1 |
| Citrus limettioides | 1 |
| Citrus limon | 14 |
| Citrus medica | 1 |
| Citrus natsudaidai | 1 |
| Citrus paradisi | 5 |
| Citrus reticulata | 9 |
| Citrus reticulata × C. sinensis × C. paradisi | 1 |
| Citrus sinensis | 8 |
| Citrus sp. | 70 |
| Citrus tangerina | 32 |
| Citrus × nobilis | 11 |
| Citrus × tangelo | 13 |
| Coffea | 5 |
| Coffea arabica | 4 |
| Coffea sp. | 1 |
| Fortunella | 1 |
| Fortunella margarita | 1 |
| Medicago | 2 |
| Medicago sativa | 2 |
| Olea | 23 |
| Olea europaea | 23 |
| Platanus | 2 |
| Platanus sp. | 2 |
| Poncirus | 3 |
| Poncirus trifoliata | 3 |
| Prunus | 54 |
| Prunus angustifolia | 1 |
| Prunus armeniaca | 3 |
| Prunus avium | 5 |
| Prunus cerasus | 2 |
| Prunus domestica | 3 |
| Prunus dulcis | 8 |
| Prunus persica | 7 |
| Prunus salicina | 10 |
| Prunus sp. | 13 |
| Prunus × amygdalo‐persica | 2 |
| Quercus | 2 |
| Quercus ilex | 2 |
| Vaccinium | 9 |
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 5 |
| Vaccinium sp. | 4 |
| Vitis | 342 |
| Vitis aestivalis | 4 |
| Vitis arizonica | 88 |
| Vitis arizonica hybrid | 6 |
| Vitis arizonica × V. rupestris | 6 |
| Vitis arizonica × V. vinifera | 1 |
| Vitis arizonica/candicans | 3 |
| Vitis arizonica/candicans × V. rupestris | 2 |
| Vitis arizonica/girdiana | 1 |
| Vitis berlandieri × riparia hybrids | 6 |
| Vitis berlandieri × V. rupestris | 4 |
| Vitis candicans | 9 |
| Vitis champinii × (V. solonis × V. othello) | 1 |
| Vitis cinerea | 7 |
| Vitis cinerea × V. berlandieri | 2 |
| Vitis girdiana | 9 |
| Vitis monticola | 1 |
| Vitis munsoniana | 3 |
| Vitis popenoei | 1 |
| Vitis rotundifolia | 58 |
| Vitis rotundifolia × V. rupestris | 1 |
| Vitis simpsonii | 1 |
| Vitis sp. | 76 |
| Vitis tiliaefolia | 1 |
| Vitis treleasei | 6 |
| Vitis vinifera | 25 |
| Vitis vinifera hybrid | 3 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana | 4 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana × V. simpsonii | 4 |
| Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana × V. vinifera | 1 |
| Vitis nesbittiana | 2 |
| Vitis rufotomentosa | 1 |
| Vitis shuttleworthii | 5 |
| TOTAL | 622 |
To the aim of this study, different tolerant/resistant response to X. fastidiosa infection has been grouped into 11 categories, as reported in Table 12. Those categories include the plant response/s for which the authors of the publication considered that plant as tolerant/resistant to X. fastidiosa infection. One hundred and nineteen publications, reported in 622 records, for the most part (367) due to artificial infections, return information on tolerance and resistance outcome to X. fastidiosa infection. In 42 publications, the authors consider the plant tolerant or resistant, but without adding further details, whereas in 22 publications (and 163 records in artificial infection), the plant is designated tolerant or resistant based on a lower bacterial population it harbours. With more than 70 records, the lack of infection and lack or reduction of symptoms are the two most reported tolerant/resistant outcomes in natural infection.
Table 12.
Number of records and publications for tolerance/resistance category
| Tolerance/resistance category | Number of records | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Natural infection | Artificial infection | Infection not specified | Number of publications | |
| Lack of infection or negative reading | 78 | 42 | 14 | |
| Lack of systemic movement | 50 | 7 | ||
| Lack or reduction of symptoms | 76 | 74 | 11 | |
| Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower bacterial population | 8 | 17 | 12 | |
| Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower bacterial population – Lower disease incidence | 2 | 2 | ||
| Lack or reduction of symptoms – Lower disease incidence | 2 | 1 | ||
| Lower bacterial population | 7 | 163 | 22 | |
| Lower bacterial population – Lower disease incidence | 2 | 2 | ||
| Lower disease incidence | 5 | 3 | ||
| Not persistent infection | 3 | 5 | 3 | |
| Reported as tolerant/resistant_no details | 23 | 16 | 49 | 42 |
| TOTAL | 206 | 367 | 49 | 119 |
4. Conclusions
Following a request from the European Commission, EFSA was asked to create, maintain and regularly update a database of host plant species of Xylella spp. This Scientific Report summarises the most interesting information reported in the new version of the database (Version 4).
An extensive literature search was performed including all scientific papers published up to 31 December 2020, as well as additional documents obtained from research groups, communications of national authorities and Europhyt outbreak notifications (last accessed on 18 March 2020).
By these searches, 86 publications were selected and informative data were extracted.
Forty‐three new host plant species, 14 new genera and 2 new families were identified as new hosts of X. fastidiosa. Those plant species, genera and families were not previously present in the database. Thirty‐nine of those new host plant species were naturally infected and identified both in the EU (France, Italy, Portugal, Spain) and outside the EU (Costa Rica and the United States). X. fastidiosa subspecies infecting the new host plants were fastidiosa, multiplex, pauca or not identified (unknown/not reported in the study). Compared to the previous version of the database (EFSA, 2020), no new STs have been identified worldwide and no new data were retrieved for X. taiwanensis that up to now has been reported only in Pyrus pyrifolia plants.
The overall number of Xylella spp. host plants reaches now 385 plant species, 179 genera and 67 families for category A (i.e. plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation), till 638 plant species, 289 genera and 87 families for category E (i.e. all positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods).
Information on tolerant/resistant status were reported for 70 plant species in 119 publications, with a total number of 622 records. The economically important Vitis, Citrus and Prunus genera are still the most studied and reported plant taxa.
From 2021 onwards, the EFSA database on Xylella spp. host plants will be updated twice per year with the aim to provide useful information and scientific support to risk assessors, risk managers and researchers dealing with Xylella spp.
Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella
Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to Version 4 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343).
Abbreviations
- DCF
Data Collection Framework
- EFSA PLH Panel
EFSA Panel on Plant Health
- ELISA
enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay
- EPPO
European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization
- ETL
Extract Transform Load
- PCR
polymerase chain reaction
- S‐DWH
EFSA Scientific Data Warehouse
- ST
sequence type
Appendix A – Host plant species naturally infected
1.
List of host plant species, naturally infected, of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. fastidiosa/sandyi, subsp. morus, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca, subsp. sandyi, subsp. tashke and X. taiwanensis according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):
Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acacia saligna | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 2 | Acer rubrum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 3 | Albizia julibrissin | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 4 | Amaranthus retroflexus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 5 | Ambrosia psilostachya | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 6 | Ambrosia trifida | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 7 | Ampelopsis arborea | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 8 | Ampelopsis brevipedunculata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 9 | Ampelopsis brevipedunculata var. hancei | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 10 | Asparagus acutifolius | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 11 | Baccharis halimifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 12 | Baccharis sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 13 | Brassica sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 14 | Callicarpa americana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 15 | Carya aquatica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 16 | Carya cathayensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 17 | Carya cordiformis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 18 | Carya floridana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 19 | Carya glabra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 20 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 21 | Carya laciniosa | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 22 | Carya pallida | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 23 | Carya palmeri | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 24 | Carya tomentosa | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 25 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 26 | Cercis occidentalis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 27 | Chamaecrista fasciculata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 28 | Chionanthus retusus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 29 | Chitalpa tashkentensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 30 | Cistus albidus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 31 | Cistus creticus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 32 | Citrus aurantium | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 33 | Citrus celebica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 34 | Citrus jambhiri | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 35 | Citrus limon | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 36 | Citrus medica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 37 | Citrus natsudaidai | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 38 | Citrus paradisi | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 39 | Citrus reticulata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 40 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 41 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 42 | Citrus tangerina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 43 | Citrus × nobilis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 44 | Citrus × tangelo | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 45 | Coelorachis cylindrica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 46 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 47 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 48 | Conium maculatum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 49 | Digitaria sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 50 | Diospyros kaki | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 51 | Diplocyclos palmatus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 52 | Dodonaea viscosa | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 53 | Euphorbia terracina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 54 | Fagus crenata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 55 | Fatsia japonica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 56 | Ficus carica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 57 | Fraxinus pennsylvanica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 58 | Genista × spachiana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 59 | Ginkgo biloba | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 60 | Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 61 | Grevillea juniperina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 62 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 63 | Hemerocallis sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 64 | Hibiscus schizopetalus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 65 | Humulus scandens | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 66 | Ilex vomitoria | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 67 | Iva annua | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 68 | Jacaranda mimosifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 69 | Juglans sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 70 | Juniperus ashei | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 71 | Lagerstroemia indica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 72 | Lagerstroemia sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 73 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 74 | Lavandula angustifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 75 | Lavandula dentata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 76 | Ligustrum lucidum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 77 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 78 | Lonicera japonica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 79 | Lupinus aridorum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 80 | Lupinus villosus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 81 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 82 | Mallotus paniculatus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 83 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 84 | Mimosa sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 85 | Modiola caroliniana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 86 | Morus alba | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 87 | Morus rubra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 88 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 89 | Myoporum insulare | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 90 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 91 | Nandina domestica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 92 | Neptunia lutea | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 93 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 94 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 95 | Olea sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 96 | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 97 | Paspalum dilatatum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 98 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 99 | Persea americana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 100 | Phagnalon saxatile | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 101 | Phoenix reclinata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 102 | Phoenix roebelenii | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 103 | Pinus taeda | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 104 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 105 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 106 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 107 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 108 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 109 | Prunus cerasifera × P. munsoniana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 110 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 111 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 112 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 113 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 114 | Pyrus pyrifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 115 | Pyrus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 116 | Quercus coccinea | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 117 | Quercus falcata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 118 | Quercus laevis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 119 | Quercus laurifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 120 | Quercus nigra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 121 | Quercus palustris | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 122 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 123 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 124 | Quercus velutina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 125 | Quercus virginiana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 126 | Ratibida columnifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 127 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 128 | Rhus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 129 | Rubus hedycarpus subsp. procerus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 130 | Rubus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 131 | Salvia officinalis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 132 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 133 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 134 | Sassafras albidum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 135 | Sassafras sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 136 | Setaria magna | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 137 | Solidago fistulosa | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 138 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 139 | Stewartia pseudocamellia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 140 | Symphyotrichum divaricatum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 141 | Trifolium repens | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 142 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 143 | Ulmus glabra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 144 | Ulmus pumila | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 145 | Ulmus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 146 | Vaccinium ashei | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 147 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 148 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 149 | Vaccinium virgatum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 150 | Vinca major | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 151 | Vinca minor | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 152 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 153 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 154 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 155 | Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 156 | Vitis munsoniana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 157 | Vitis muscadina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 158 | Vitis riparia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 159 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 160 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 161 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 162 | Acer saccharum | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 163 | Cyperus eragrostis | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 164 | Hevea brasiliensis | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 165 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 166 | Sorghum halepense | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 167 | Acacia longifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 168 | Acer macrophyllum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 169 | Acer negundo | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 170 | Acer platanoides | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 171 | Acer sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 172 | Aesculus × hybrida | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 173 | Agathis australis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 174 | Agrostis gigantea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 175 | Alectryon excelsus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 176 | Alternanthera ficoidea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 177 | Amaranthus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 178 | Anisantha diandra | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 179 | Anisantha rigida | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 180 | Arctostaphylos sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 181 | Artemisia douglasiana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 182 | Atriplex sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 183 | Avena fatua | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 184 | Axonopus compressus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 185 | Baccharis pilularis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 186 | Bidens pilosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 187 | Boerhavia diffusa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 188 | Borreria latifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 189 | Brachiaria decumbens | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 190 | Brachiaria plantaginea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 191 | Brachyglottis sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 192 | Bromus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 193 | Broussonetia papyrifera | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 194 | Calicotome sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 195 | Calicotome spinosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 196 | Calyptocarpus biaristatus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 197 | Campsis radicans | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 198 | Capsella bursa‐pastoris | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 199 | Carex sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 200 | Celastrus orbiculatus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 201 | Cenchrus echinatus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 202 | Chenopodiastrum murale | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 203 | Chloris halophila | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 204 | Cistus monspeliensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 205 | Coffea arabica × C. canephora | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 206 | Coffea arabica × C. eugenioides | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 207 | Coffea arabica × C. liberica var. dewevrei | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 208 | Coffea arabica × C. racemosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 209 | Coffea canephora | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 210 | Coffea racemosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 211 | Coffea eugenioides | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 212 | Coffea kapakata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 213 | Coffea liberica var. dewevrei | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 214 | Coffea stenophylla | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 215 | Commelina benghalensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 216 | Commelina erecta | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 217 | Convolvulus arvensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 218 | Coprosma repens | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 219 | Coprosma robusta | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 220 | Cordyline australis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 221 | Cordyline sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 222 | Cornus florida | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 223 | Corokia cotoneaster | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 224 | Corokia macrocarpa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 225 | Corokia sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 226 | Corynocarpus laevigatus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 227 | Croton setigerus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 228 | Cynodon dactylon | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 229 | Cyperus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 230 | Cytisus scoparius | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 231 | Datura wrightii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 232 | Digitaria horizontalis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 233 | Digitaria insularis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 234 | Digitaria sanguinalis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 235 | Duranta erecta | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 236 | Dysphania ambrosioides | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 237 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 238 | Eleusine indica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 239 | Erigeron canadensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 240 | Eriochloa contracta | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 241 | Eriogonum sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 242 | Erodium botrys | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 243 | Erodium moschatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 244 | Erodium sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 245 | Escallonia bifida | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 246 | Eucalyptus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 247 | Euphorbia hirta | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 248 | Facelis retusa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 249 | Fragaria vesca subsp. californica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 250 | Fraxinus angustifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 251 | Fraxinus dipetala | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 252 | Fuchsia magellanica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 253 | Genista lucida | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 254 | Geranium dissectum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 255 | Haloragis erecta | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 256 | Hebe sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 257 | Hedera helix | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 258 | Heliotropium fruticosum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 259 | Heliotropium indicum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 260 | Heterotheca grandiflora | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 261 | Hordeum murinum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 262 | Hydrangea paniculata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 263 | Hypochaeris brasiliensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 264 | Ipomoea fistulosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 265 | Juglans regia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 266 | Lactuca serriola | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 267 | Leonurus sibiricus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 268 | Lepidium auriculatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 269 | Lepidium didymum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 270 | Ligustrum sinense | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 271 | Ligustrum virginicum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 272 | Liriodendron tulipifera | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 273 | Lolium multiflorum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 274 | Lolium perenne | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 275 | Ludwigia grandiflora | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 276 | Malva parviflora | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 277 | Marrubium vulgare | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 278 | Medicago polymorpha | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 279 | Melicope ternata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 280 | Melicytus ramiflorus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 281 | Melilotus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 282 | Melissa officinalis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 283 | Merremia macrocalyx | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 284 | Meryta sinclairii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 285 | Metrosideros excelsa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 286 | Metrosideros sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 287 | Metrosideros kermadecensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 288 | Montiastrum lineare | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 289 | Myoporum laetum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 290 | Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 291 | Origanum majorana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 292 | Panicum acuminatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 293 | Parthenocissus tricuspidata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 294 | Paspalum urvillei | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 295 | Paspalum regnellii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 296 | Passiflora foetida | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 297 | Pennisetum clandestinum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 298 | Persicaria lapathifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 299 | Persicaria maculosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 300 | Phalaris angusta | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 301 | Phoenix sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 302 | Phormium colensoi | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 303 | Phormium tenax | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 304 | Pittosporum crassifolium | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 305 | Pittosporum eugenioides | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 306 | Pittosporum tenuifolium | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 307 | Pittosporum umbellatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 308 | Plantago lanceolata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 309 | Pluchea odorata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 310 | Poa annua | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 311 | Polygonum arenastrum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 312 | Portulaca oleracea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 313 | Prunus angustifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 314 | Prunus laurocerasus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 315 | Prunus serotina | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 316 | Prunus serrulata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 317 | Prunus simonii × P. salicina × P. cerasifera × P. munsoniana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 318 | Quercus agrifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 319 | Quercus alba | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 320 | Quercus ilex | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 321 | Quercus imbricaria | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 322 | Quercus incana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 323 | Quercus macrocarpa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 324 | Quercus phellos | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 325 | Ranunculus repens | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 326 | Rhus diversiloba | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 327 | Richardia sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 328 | Rosa californica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 329 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 330 | Rubus vitifolius | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 331 | Rumex crispus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 332 | Salix sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 333 | Salsola kali subsp. tragus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 334 | Sambucus cerulea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 335 | Senecio grisebachii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 336 | Senecio vulgaris | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 337 | Senna secundiflora | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 338 | Sida rhombifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 339 | Silybum marianum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 340 | Sisymbrium irio | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 341 | Solanum americanum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 342 | Sonchus oleraceus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 343 | Sonchus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 344 | Sophora secundiflora | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 345 | Stachys arvensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 346 | Stellaria media | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 347 | Syzygium paniculatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 348 | Talinum paniculatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 349 | Taraxacum officinale | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 350 | Trifolium incarnatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 351 | Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 352 | Urtica urens | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 353 | Vaccinium elliottii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 354 | Verbena litoralis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 355 | Vernonia sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 356 | Veronica persica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 357 | Veronica sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 358 | Vicia ludoviciana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 359 | Vitex lucens | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 360 | Vitis arizonica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 361 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 362 | Wisteria frutescens | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 363 | Xanthium spinosum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 364 | Citrus × limonia | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 365 | Coffea liberica | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 366 | Prunus americana | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 367 | Prunus munsoniana | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 368 | Prunus simonii | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 369 | Solidago canadensis | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 370 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 371 | Prunus hortulana | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 372 | Prunus mexicana | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 373 | Ulmus × hollandica | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 374 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 375 | Vitis bourquiniana | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 376 | Vitis cinerea | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 377 | Vitis simpsonii | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 378 | Vitis × champinii | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 379 | Vitis rufotomentosa | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 380 | Vitis shuttleworthii | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acer sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 2 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 3 | Calicotome spinosa | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 4 | Cercis occidentalis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 5 | Cistus monspeliensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 6 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 7 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 8 | Coffea canephora | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 9 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 10 | Erysimum hybrids | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 11 | Genista lucida | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 12 | Juglans regia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 13 | Lupinus aridorum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 14 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 15 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 16 | Metrosideros sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 17 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 18 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 19 | Pluchea odorata | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 20 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 21 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 22 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 23 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 24 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 25 | Psidium sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 26 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 27 | Rubus rigidus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 28 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 29 | Ruta chalepensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 30 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 31 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 32 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 33 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 34 | Streptocarpus hybrids | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 35 | Teucrium capitatum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 36 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 37 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 38 | Vinca major | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 39 | Vinca sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 40 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 41 | Vitis aestivalis hybrid | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 42 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 43 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 44 | Vitis cinerea var. helleri × V. vulpina | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 45 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 46 | Vitis hybrids | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 47 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 48 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 49 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 50 | Broussonetia papyrifera | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 51 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 52 | Ulmus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acacia dealbata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 2 | Acacia longifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 3 | Acacia melanoxylon | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 4 | Acacia saligna | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 5 | Acacia sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 6 | Acer griseum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 7 | Acer pseudoplatanus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 8 | Acer rubrum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 9 | Adenocarpus lainzii | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 10 | Alnus rhombifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 11 | Ambrosia psilostachya | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 12 | Ambrosia sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 13 | Ambrosia trifida | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 14 | Ambrosia trifida var. texana | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 15 | Ampelopsis cordata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 16 | Anthyllis hermanniae | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 17 | Artemisia absinthium | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 18 | Artemisia arborescens | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 19 | Artemisia sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 20 | Asparagus acutifolius | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 21 | Athyrium filix‐femina | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 22 | Baccharis halimifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 23 | Calicotome spinosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 24 | Calicotome villosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 25 | Callistemon citrinus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 26 | Calluna vulgaris | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 27 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 28 | Carya sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 29 | Celtis occidentalis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 30 | Cercis canadensis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 31 | Cercis occidentalis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 32 | Cercis siliquastrum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 33 | Chionanthus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 34 | Cistus albidus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 35 | Cistus creticus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 36 | Cistus inflatus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 37 | Cistus monspeliensis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 38 | Cistus salviifolius | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 39 | Cistus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 40 | Clematis cirrhosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 41 | Convolvulus cneorum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 42 | Coprosma repens | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 43 | Coronilla sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 44 | Coronilla valentina | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 45 | Coronilla valentina subsp. glauca | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 46 | Cytisus scoparius | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 47 | Cytisus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 48 | Cytisus spinosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 49 | Cytisus villosus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 50 | Dodonaea viscosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 51 | Echium plantagineum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 52 | Elaeagnus angustifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 53 | Encelia farinosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 54 | Erigeron canadensis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 55 | Erigeron karvinskianus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 56 | Erodium moschatum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 57 | Euryops chrysanthemoides | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 58 | Euryops pectinatus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 59 | Fallopia japonica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 60 | Ficus carica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 61 | Frangula alnus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 62 | Fraxinus americana | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 63 | Fraxinus angustifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 64 | Fraxinus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 65 | Genista corsica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 66 | Genista ephedroides | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 67 | Genista sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 68 | Genista tridentata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 69 | Genista × spachiana | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 70 | Ginkgo biloba | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 71 | Gleditsia triacanthos | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 72 | Grevillea juniperina | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 73 | Hebe elliptica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 74 | Hebe sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 75 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 76 | Helianthus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 77 | Helichrysum italicum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 78 | Helichrysum sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 79 | Helichrysum stoechas | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 80 | Hibiscus syriacus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 81 | Ilex aquifolium | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 82 | Iva annua | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 83 | Koelreuteria bipinnata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 84 | Lagerstroemia indica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 85 | Lagerstroemia sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 86 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 87 | Lavandula angustifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 88 | Lavandula dentata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 89 | Lavandula latifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 90 | Lavandula sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 91 | Lavandula stoechas | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 92 | Lavandula × heterophylla | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 93 | Lavandula × intermedia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 94 | Lavatera cretica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 95 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 96 | Lonicera implexa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 97 | Lonicera japonica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 98 | Lupinus aridorum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 99 | Lupinus villosus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 100 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 101 | Medicago arborea | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 102 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 103 | Metrosideros excelsa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 104 | Metrosideros sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 105 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 106 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 107 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 108 | Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 109 | Olea sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 110 | Osteospermum ecklonis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 111 | Pelargonium graveolens | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 112 | Pelargonium sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 113 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 114 | Perovskia abrotanoides | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 115 | Phagnalon saxatile | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 116 | Phillyrea angustifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 117 | Phillyrea latifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 118 | Phlomis fruticosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 119 | Pistacia vera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 120 | Plantago lanceolata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 121 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 122 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 123 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 124 | Polygala × grandiflora nana | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 125 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 126 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 127 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 128 | Prunus cerasus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 129 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 130 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 131 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 132 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 133 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 134 | Pteridium aquilinum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 135 | Quercus coccinea | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 136 | Quercus falcata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 137 | Quercus laevis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 138 | Quercus macrocarpa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 139 | Quercus nigra | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 140 | Quercus palustris | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 141 | Quercus phellos | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 142 | Quercus robur | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 143 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 144 | Quercus shumardii | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 145 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 146 | Quercus suber | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 147 | Ratibida columnifera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 148 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 149 | Rhamnus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 150 | Robinia pseudoacacia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 151 | Rosa canina | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 152 | Rosa sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 153 | Rosmarinus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 154 | Rubus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 155 | Salvia mellifera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 156 | Salvia officinalis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 157 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 158 | Sambucus nigra | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 159 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 160 | Santolina chamaecyparissus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 161 | Santolina magonica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 162 | Sapindus saponaria | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 163 | Solidago virgaurea | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 164 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 165 | Spartium sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 166 | Strelitzia reginae | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 167 | Ulex europaeus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 168 | Ulex minor | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 169 | Ulex sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 170 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 171 | Ulmus crassifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 172 | Ulmus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 173 | Vaccinium ashei | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 174 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 175 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 176 | Vinca major | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 177 | Vinca sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 178 | Westringia fruticosa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 179 | Xanthium strumarium | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 180 | Acer platanoides | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 181 | Calicotome sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 182 | Cistus × incanus | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 183 | Liriodendron tulipifera | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 184 | Polygala sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 185 | Polygala × dalmaisiana | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acacia saligna | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 2 | Acacia sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 3 | Amaranthus retroflexus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 4 | Asparagus acutifolius | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 5 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 6 | Chenopodium album | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 7 | Cistus albidus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 8 | Cistus creticus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 9 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 10 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 11 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 12 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 13 | Dodonaea viscosa | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 14 | Eremophila maculata | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 15 | Erigeron bonariensis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 16 | Erigeron sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 17 | Erigeron sumatrensis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 18 | Euphorbia chamaesyce | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 19 | Euphorbia terracina | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 20 | Grevillea juniperina | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 21 | Hebe sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 22 | Heliotropium europaeum | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 23 | Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 24 | Hibiscus sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 25 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 26 | Lavandula angustifolia | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 27 | Lavandula dentata | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 28 | Lavandula sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 29 | Lavandula stoechas | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 30 | Myoporum insulare | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 31 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 32 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 33 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 34 | Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 35 | Osteospermum fruticosum | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 36 | Pelargonium fragrans | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 37 | Pelargonium sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 38 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 39 | Phillyrea latifolia | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 40 | Pistacia vera | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 41 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 42 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 43 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 44 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 45 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 46 | Rhamnus alaternus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 47 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 48 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 49 | Ulex parviflorus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 50 | Vinca minor | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 51 | Westringia fruticosa | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 52 | Westringia glabra | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 53 | Polygala sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| 54 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| 55 | Quercus ilex | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Morus alba | Xf subsp.morus | A | ||||
| 2 | Morus rubra | Xf subsp.morus | A | ||||
| 3 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp.morus | A | ||||
| 4 | Nandina domestica | Xf subsp.morus | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 3 | Hemerocallis sp. | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 4 | Jacaranda mimosifolia | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 5 | Magnolia grandiflora | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 6 | Nandina domestica | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 7 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 8 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp.sandyi | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Chitalpa tashkentensis | Xf subsp.tashke | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.fastidiosa/sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Coffea canephora | Xf subsp.fastidiosa/sandyi | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Pyrus pyrifolia | Xylella taiwanensis | A | ||||
Appendix B – Host plant species artificially infected
1.
List of host plant species, artificially infected, of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. morus, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca, subsp. sandyi and subsp. tashke according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):
Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation.
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Acer macrophyllum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 2 | Acer negundo | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 3 | Aesculus californica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 4 | Alnus rhombifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 5 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 6 | Ambrosia sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 7 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 8 | Artemisia douglasiana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 9 | Baccharis pilularis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 10 | Baccharis salicifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 11 | Brassica nigra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 12 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 13 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 14 | Citrus aurantiifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 15 | Citrus clementina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 16 | Citrus clementina × C. sinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 17 | Citrus jambhiri | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 18 | Citrus reshni | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 19 | Citrus reticulata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 20 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 21 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 22 | Citrus sunki | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 23 | Citrus unshiu | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 24 | Citrus × limonia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 25 | Citrus × nobilis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 26 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 27 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 28 | Conium maculatum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 29 | Coprosma repens | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 30 | Coriandrum sativum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 31 | Cyperus eragrostis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 32 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 33 | Fagopyrum esculentum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 34 | Fraxinus latifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 35 | Hakea petiolaris | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 36 | Hedera helix | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 37 | Lobularia maritima | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 38 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 39 | Morus alba | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 40 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 41 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 42 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 43 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 44 | Parthenocissus quinquefolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 45 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 46 | Persea americana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 47 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 48 | Populus fremontii | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 49 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 50 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 51 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 52 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 53 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 54 | Pyrus pyrifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 55 | Quercus agrifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 56 | Quercus lobata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 57 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 58 | Rhus diversiloba | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 59 | Rosa californica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 60 | Rubus hedycarpus subsp. procerus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 61 | Rubus rigidus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 62 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 63 | Salix laevigata | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 64 | Salix lasiolepis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 65 | Salvia apiana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 66 | Salvia mellifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 67 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 68 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 69 | Spartium junceum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 70 | Swainsona galegifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 71 | Symphoricarpos albus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 72 | Teline monspessulana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 73 | Ulmus americana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 74 | Umbellularia californica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 75 | Urtica dioica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 76 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 77 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 78 | Vicia sativa | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 79 | Vinca major | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 80 | Vinca minor | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 81 | Vitis arizonica × V. rupestris | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 82 | Vitis arizonica/candicans × V. rupestris | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 83 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 84 | Vitis labrusca × V. vinifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 85 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 86 | Vitis rotundifolia × V. rupestris | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 87 | Vitis rupestris | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 88 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 89 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 90 | Morus rubra | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 91 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 92 | Vitis arizonica/candicans | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 93 | Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 94 | Vitis rufotomentosa | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 95 | Ambrosia acanthicarpa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 96 | Ambrosia trifida var. texana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 97 | Amsinckia douglasiana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 98 | Anisantha rigida | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 99 | Avena fatua | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 100 | Brachiaria plantaginea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 101 | Bromus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 102 | Callistephus chinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 103 | Canna sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 104 | Ceratochloa cathartica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 105 | Citrus deliciosa × C. sinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 106 | Citrus medica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 107 | Citrus tangerina | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 108 | Citrus × tangelo | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 109 | Clarkia amoena subsp. lindleyi | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 110 | Coprosma baueri | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 111 | Cotoneaster rotundifolius | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 112 | Cynodon dactylon | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 113 | Cyperus esculentus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 114 | Cytisus scoparius | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 115 | Daucus carota subsp. sativus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 116 | Digitaria sanguinalis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 117 | Dysphania ambrosioides | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 118 | Epilobium brachycarpum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 119 | Epilobium ciliatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 120 | Eragrostis diffusa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 121 | Erodium cicutarium | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 122 | Fallopia convolvulus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 123 | Grevillea alpina | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 124 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 125 | Hordeum murinum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 126 | Hordeum vulgare | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 127 | Iva annua | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 128 | Lactuca serriola | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 129 | Lathyrus cicera | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 130 | Lathyrus clymenum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 131 | Lathyrus sativus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 132 | Leptospermum laevigatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 133 | Lolium multiflorum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 134 | Lolium temulentum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 135 | Lonicera japonica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 136 | Melilotus albus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 137 | Melilotus albus var. annuus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 138 | Melilotus indicus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 139 | Melilotus officinalis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 140 | Mentha sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 141 | Oenanthe sarmentosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 142 | Oenothera elata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 143 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 144 | Parthenocissus tricuspidata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 145 | Paspalum dilatatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 146 | Pelargonium × hortorum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 147 | Pennisetum clandestinum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 148 | Pennisetum glaucum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 149 | Persicaria maculosa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 150 | Phalaris minor | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 151 | Phalaris paradoxa | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 152 | Phleum pratense | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 153 | Photinia arbutifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 154 | Pittosporum crassifolium | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 155 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 156 | Poa annua | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 157 | Poncirus trifoliata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 158 | Reseda odorata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 159 | Rheum rhaponticum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 160 | Rubus vitifolius | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 161 | Rumex crispus | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 162 | Sambucus cerulea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 163 | Sonchus asper | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 164 | Sorghum halepense | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 165 | Sorghum × drummondii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 166 | Syringa vulgaris | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 167 | Syzygium paniculatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 168 | Trifolium fragiferum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 169 | Trifolium hybridum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 170 | Trifolium incarnatum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 171 | Trifolium pratense | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 172 | Trifolium repens | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 173 | Trifolium repens var. latum | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 174 | Urtica dioica subsp. gracilis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 175 | Vicia monantha | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 176 | Vitis acerifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 177 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 178 | Vitis arizonica | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 179 | Vitis arizonica hybrid | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 180 | Vitis arizonica/girdiana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 181 | Vitis arizonica/girdiana × V. rupestris | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 182 | Vitis berlandieri | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 183 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 184 | Vitis cinerea | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 185 | Vitis cinerea × V. berlandieri | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 186 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 187 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 188 | Vitis lincecumii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 189 | Vitis monticola | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 190 | Vitis munsoniana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 191 | Vitis palmata | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 192 | Vitis riparia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 193 | Vitis simpsonii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 194 | Vitis tiliaefolia | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 195 | Vitis vulpina | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 196 | Vitis × champinii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 197 | Vitis aestivalis var. smalliana × V. simpsonii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 198 | Vitis bloodwothiana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 199 | Vitis nesbittiana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 200 | Vitis shuttleworthii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 201 | Vulpia myuros | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 202 | Xanthium orientale | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 203 | (Prunus salicina × P. angustifolia) × (P. salicina × P. munsoniana) | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 204 | Prunus angustifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 205 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 206 | Prunus cerasifera × P. salicina | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 207 | Prunus salicina × (P. salicina × P. cerasifera) | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 208 | Vitis arizonica × V. vinifera | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 209 | Chenopodium quinoa | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 210 | Citroncirus webberi | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 211 | Citrus macrophylla | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 212 | Nicotiana clevelandii | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 213 | Prunus armeniaca | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 214 | Prunus hortulana | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 215 | Prunus mexicana | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 216 | Prunus mume | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Amaranthus blitoides | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 2 | Ambrosia acanthicarpa | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 3 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 4 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 5 | Chenopodium quinoa | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 6 | Conium maculatum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 7 | Convolvulus arvensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 8 | Cyperus esculentus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 9 | Datura wrightii | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 10 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 11 | Erigeron canadensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 12 | Eriochloa gracilis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 13 | Erodium moschatum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 14 | Eucalyptus camaldulensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 15 | Eucalyptus globulus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 16 | Helianthus annuus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 17 | Ipomoea purpurea | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 18 | Lactuca serriola | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 19 | Malva parviflora | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 20 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 21 | Nicotiana glauca | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 22 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 23 | Portulaca oleracea | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 24 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 25 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 26 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 27 | Rumex crispus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 28 | Simmondsia chinensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 29 | Solanum lycopersicum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 30 | Solanum melongena | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 31 | Sonchus oleraceus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 32 | Sorghum halepense | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 33 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 34 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 35 | Vicia faba | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 36 | Vicia sativa | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 37 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 38 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 39 | Xanthium strumarium | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 40 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | B | ||||
| 41 | Dendranthema × grandiflorum | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 42 | Laurus nobilis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 43 | Myrtus communis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 44 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 45 | Prunus dulcis × P. webbii | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 46 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 47 | Prunus persica × P. webbii | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 48 | Prunus webbii | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 49 | Rubus rigidus | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 50 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 51 | Vinca major | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 52 | Vitis × doaniana | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 53 | Vitis acerifolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 54 | Vitis aestivalis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 55 | Vitis arizonica | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 56 | Vitis arizonica/candicans | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 57 | Vitis berlandieri | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 58 | Vitis californica | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 59 | Vitis candicans | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 60 | Vitis champinii × (V. solonis × V. othello) | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 61 | Vitis cinerea | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 62 | Vitis girdiana | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 63 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 64 | Vitis monticola | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 65 | Vitis riparia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 66 | Vitis rupestris | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 67 | Vitis tiliaefolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 68 | Vitis treleasei | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 69 | Vitis vinifera hybrid | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 70 | Vitis vulpina | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 71 | Vitis nesbittiana | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 72 | Vitis shuttleworthii | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | C | ||||
| 73 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Acer rubrum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 2 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 3 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 4 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 5 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 6 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 7 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 8 | Pistacia vera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 9 | Platanus occidentalis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 10 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 11 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 12 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 13 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 14 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 15 | Quercus falcata | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 16 | Rubus fruticosus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 17 | Rubus ursinus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 18 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 19 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 20 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 21 | Prunus persica × P. webbii | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 22 | Prunus webbii | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 23 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Bidens pilosa | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 2 | Brachiaria decumbens | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 3 | Brachiaria plantaginea | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 4 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 5 | Citrus reticulata | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 6 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 7 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 8 | Citrus × nobilis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 9 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 10 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 11 | Echinochloa crus‐galli | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 12 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 13 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 14 | Nicotiana clevelandii | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 15 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 16 | Ocimum basilicum | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 17 | Olea europaea | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 18 | Polygala myrtifolia | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 19 | Solanum americanum | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 20 | Arabidopsis thaliana | Xf subsp.pauca | B | ||||
| 21 | Chenopodium album | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| 22 | Digitaria horizontalis | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| 23 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| 24 | Prunus avium | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| 25 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| 26 | Salvia rosmarinus | Xf subsp.pauca | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Morus alba | Xf subsp.morus | A | ||||
| 2 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.morus | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Medicago sativa | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 3 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 4 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 5 | Vinca major | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 6 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp.sandyi | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Nicotiana benthamiana | Xf subsp.tashke | C | ||||
Appendix C – Host plant species infected in unspecified conditions
1.
List of host plant species, infected in conditions not specified (i.e. the kind of infection (natural or artificial) was not specified in the reference), of X. fastidiosa subsp. unknown (i.e. not reported in the publication), subsp. fastidiosa, subsp. multiplex, subsp. pauca and subsp. sandyi according to categories A, B, C, D, E (as reported in Section 2.4.2):
Plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
The same as point A, but also including microscopy: plant species positive with at least two detection methods (among: microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation) or positive with one method (between: sequencing, pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method (among: symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
Plant species positive with at least one detection method including microscopy (microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing and pure culture isolation).
All positives plant species reported, regardless of the detection methods (positive records but without the detection method specified, symptom observations, microscopy, symptoms observation on the test plant in experimental vector transmission, ELISA, other immunological techniques, PCR‐based methods, sequencing, pure culture isolation).
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ampelopsis arborea | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 2 | Catharanthus roseus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 3 | Catharanthus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 4 | Citrus jambhiri | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 5 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 6 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 7 | Hibiscus schizopetalus | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 8 | Morus nigra | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 9 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 10 | Prunus persica | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 11 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 12 | Sambucus canadensis | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 13 | Vitis munsoniana | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 14 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 15 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 16 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp.unknown | A | ||||
| 17 | Ambrosia sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 18 | Periwinkle (common name) | Xf subsp.unknown | B | ||||
| 19 | Acer sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 20 | Carya illinoinensis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 21 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 22 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 23 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 24 | Pyrus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 25 | Teline monspessulana | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 26 | Vaccinium darrowii | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 27 | Vaccinium sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | C | ||||
| 28 | Prunus angustifolia | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 29 | Vitis labrusca | Xf subsp.unknown | D | ||||
| 30 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| 31 | Nicotiana tabacum | Xf subsp.unknown | E | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Ambrosia artemisiifolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 2 | Lupinus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 3 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 4 | Sambucus sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 5 | Vitis rotundifolia | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 6 | Vitis sp. | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| 7 | Vitis vinifera | Xf subsp.fastidiosa | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Ambrosia trifida | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 2 | Morus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 3 | Platanus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 4 | Prunus cerasifera | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 5 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 6 | Prunus dulcis | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 7 | Prunus salicina | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 8 | Quercus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 9 | Rubus fruticosus | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 10 | Rubus sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 11 | Vaccinium corymbosum | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 12 | Vaccinium corymbosum × V. angustifolium hybrid | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 13 | Vinca sp. | Xf subsp.multiplex | A | ||||
| 14 | Liquidambar styraciflua | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 15 | Quercus laevis | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| 16 | Quercus rubra | Xf subsp.multiplex | C | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Citrus sinensis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 2 | Citrus sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 3 | Coffea sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 4 | Hibiscus fragilis | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 5 | Hibiscus sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 6 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 7 | Prunus domestica | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| 8 | Prunus sp. | Xf subsp.pauca | A | ||||
| N | Plant species | Pest | Category | ||||
| 1 | Coffea arabica | Xf subsp.sandyi | A | ||||
| 2 | Nerium oleander | Xf subsp.sandyi | C | ||||
Appendix D – Xylella fastidiosa Multilocus Sequence Types
1.
Number of records for each plant species natural, artificial and infected in not specified conditions by different multilocus sequence types (STs). The records for natural infection are divided per country. In general, the subspecies and the STs are reported as in the publication. If the subspecies and/or the STs are inferred from another publication or obtained from personal communication of the author of the publication, a note is added in the genotyping comment column of the Excel file available in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343). Abbreviations: AR (Argentina), BR (Brazil), CR (Costa Rica), EC (Ecuador), FR (France), HN (Honduras), IT (Italy), MX (Mexico), PT (Portugal), ES (Spain), US (United States of America).
| X. fastidiosa subspecies/sequence type | Natural Infection | Artificial infection | Infection not specified | Grand Total | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AR | BR | CR | EC | FR | HN | IT | MX | PT | ES | US | Unknown | Total | Total | Total | ||
| fastidiosa | 22 | 4 | 47 | 120 | 193 | 155 | 9 | 357 | ||||||||
| ST1 | 3 | 47 | 98 | 148 | 154 | 2 | 304 | |||||||||
| Acer sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Amaranthus blitoides | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ambrosia acanthicarpa | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Calicotome spinosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Cercis occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Chenopodium quinoa | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Conium maculatum | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Convolvulus arvensis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Cyperus esculentus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Datura wrightii | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Echinochloa crus‐galli | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Erigeron canadensis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Eriochloa gracilis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Erodium moschatum | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Eucalyptus camaldulensis | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Eucalyptus globulus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Genista lucida | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helianthus annuus | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Ipomoea purpurea | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Juglans regia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lactuca serriola | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Malva parviflora | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 3 | 3 | 11 | 14 | ||||||||||||
| Metrosideros sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nicotiana glauca | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Pluchea odorata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Portulaca oleracea | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus avium | 8 | 2 | 10 | 10 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 10 | 22 | 32 | 30 | 1 | 63 | ||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus ursinus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Rumex crispus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ruta chalepensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Sambucus canadensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Sambucus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Simmondsia chinensis | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Solanum lycopersicum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Solanum melongena | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Sonchus oleraceus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Sorghum halepense | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Teucrium capitatum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Vaccinium sp. | 5 | 5 | ||||||||||||||
| Vicia faba | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vicia sativa | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vitis aestivalis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis girdiana | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 2 | 31 | 33 | 1 | 34 | |||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 14 | 26 | 41 | 53 | 94 | ||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera hybrid | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Xanthium strumarium | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| ST17 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST18 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST19 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST2 | 17 | 17 | 7 | 24 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia artemisiifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis hybrids | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis rotundifolia | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 3 | 3 | 5 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| ST20 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST21 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST3 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lupinus aridorum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST33 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST4 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| ST47 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST52 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST54 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST55 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST56 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST57 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST59 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST60 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST61 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST72 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST75 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea canephora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST76 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST77 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| fastidiosa/sandyi | 3 | 1 | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| ST72 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST75 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea canephora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST76 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| morus | 24 | 24 | 24 | |||||||||||||
| ST29 | 9 | 9 | 9 | |||||||||||||
| Morus alba | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Morus rubra | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Morus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST30 | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Morus alba | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Nandina domestica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST31 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Morus sp. | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| ST62 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Morus alba | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| multiplex | 4 | 90 | 54 | 65 | 109 | 203 | 525 | 44 | 16 | 585 | ||||||
| ST10 | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST15 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| ST22 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia psilostachya | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| ST23 | 12 | 12 | 12 | |||||||||||||
| Acer rubrum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helianthus sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Iva annua | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ratibida columnifera | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Solidago virgaurea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST24 | 5 | 5 | 3 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Cercis occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Liquidambar styraciflua | 3 | 3 | 2 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Ulmus crassifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST25 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Encelia farinosa | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| ST26 | 2 | 12 | 14 | 4 | 18 | |||||||||||
| Alnus rhombifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| ST27 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Ginkgo biloba | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lagerstroemia sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST28 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Helianthus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Iva annua | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST32 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Rubus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST34 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST35 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Xanthium strumarium | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST36 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST37 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lupinus aridorum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lupinus villosus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST38 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Platanus occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST39 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Koelreuteria bipinnata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Liquidambar styraciflua | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST40 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Sambucus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST41 | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus salicina | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulmus americana | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulmus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST42 | 16 | 16 | 3 | 19 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Sapindus saponaria | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium ashei | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum × V. angustifolium hybrid | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vaccinium sp. | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| ST43 | 5 | 5 | 2 | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vaccinium corymbosum × V. angustifolium hybrid | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vaccinium sp. | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| ST44 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus palustris | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST45 | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Acer griseum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ampelopsis cordata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cercis canadensis | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Gleditsia triacanthos | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST46 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Celtis occidentalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Chionanthus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus armeniaca | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST48 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Sapindus saponaria | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST49 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST50 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Fraxinus americana | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Fraxinus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST51 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Periwinkle (common name) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca sp. | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| ST58 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Ambrosia trifida | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST6 | 8 | 53 | 12 | 73 | 17 | 1 | 91 | |||||||||
| Acacia saligna | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome spinosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Cistus albidus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum italicum | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum stoechas | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula latifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Phagnalon saxatile | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 2 | 2 | 1 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus armeniaca | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 19 | 12 | 31 | 5 | 1 | 37 | ||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus ursinus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 8 | 8 | 8 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| ST6 and ST7 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST6 and/or ST7 | 76 | 76 | 76 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia dealbata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Acer pseudoplatanus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Anthyllis hermanniae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Artemisia arborescens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome villosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cercis siliquastrum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus creticus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Coronilla valentina | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus scoparius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus villosus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Euryops chrysanthemoides | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista corsica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista ephedroides | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Genista × spachiana | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Hebe sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum italicum | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula stoechas | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula × heterophylla | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula × intermedia | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Metrosideros excelsa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium graveolens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Phagnalon saxatile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus suber | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Rosa canina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Westringia fruticosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST63 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST67 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST7 | 4 | 65 | 5 | 24 | 98 | 16 | 114 | |||||||||
| Acacia longifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia melanoxylon | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Adenocarpus lainzii | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Artemisia arborescens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Artemisia sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Athyrium filix‐femina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Calluna vulgaris | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Cistus inflatus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coprosma repens | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus scoparius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Dodonaea viscosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Echium plantagineum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron canadensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Erodium moschatum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Frangula alnus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Genista tridentata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hebe sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hibiscus syriacus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ilex aquifolium | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula stoechas | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavatera cretica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Magnolia grandiflora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Metrosideros excelsa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Metrosideros sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Nerium oleander | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 7 | 8 | 4 | 12 | |||||||||||
| Olea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium graveolens | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Plantago lanceolata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 4 | 2 | 6 | 1 | 7 | |||||||||||
| Prunus cerasifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 3 | 9 | 12 | 4 | 16 | |||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pteridium aquilinum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus robur | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus suber | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Rosa sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Salvia mellifera | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia officinalis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Sambucus nigra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Strelitzia reginae | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex europaeus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex minor | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca major | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vitis vinifera | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| ST79 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST8 | 13 | 13 | 13 | |||||||||||||
| Alnus rhombifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Carya illinoinensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Platanus occidentalis | 7 | 7 | 7 | |||||||||||||
| Platanus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus palustris | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ulmus americana | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST81 | 51 | 1 | 52 | 1 | 53 | |||||||||||
| Acacia sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus albidus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Clematis cirrhosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Ficus carica | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Fraxinus angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 6 | 1 | 7 | 7 | ||||||||||||
| Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Phillyrea angustifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 11 | 11 | 1 | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Santolina magonica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST82 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium ashei | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST83 | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Vaccinium ashei | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| ST87 | 54 | 54 | 54 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia dealbata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome spinosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Calicotome villosa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Cercis siliquastrum | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus monspeliensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus salviifolius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Cytisus scoparius | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Elaeagnus angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ficus carica | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum italicum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Helichrysum sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lonicera implexa | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Phagnalon saxatile | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Phillyrea latifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| ST9 | 28 | 28 | 2 | 30 | ||||||||||||
| Quercus coccinea | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus falcata | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Quercus laevis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus nigra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus palustris | 11 | 11 | 11 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus phellos | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus robur | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus rubra | 5 | 5 | 5 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus shumardii | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus sp. | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Rubus fruticosus | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| pauca | 6 | 126 | 8 | 4 | 4 | 332 | 16 | 3 | 499 | 186 | 23 | 708 | ||||
| ST11 | 52 | 52 | 14 | 3 | 69 | |||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 22 | 22 | 4 | 3 | 29 | |||||||||||
| Citrus sp. | 29 | 29 | 29 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| ST12 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 2 | 2 | 2 | 4 | ||||||||||||
| Citrus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST13 | 11 | 11 | 86 | 3 | 100 | |||||||||||
| Arabidopsis thaliana | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Bidens pilosa | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 14 | 14 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus reticulata | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 5 | 5 | 20 | 3 | 28 | |||||||||||
| Citrus sp. | 6 | 6 | 21 | 27 | ||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana clevelandii | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 12 | 12 | ||||||||||||||
| Ocimum basilicum | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||||
| Periwinkle (common name) | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Solanum americanum | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| ST14 | 8 | 8 | 4 | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 6 | 6 | 2 | 8 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Prunus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST16 | 40 | 40 | 15 | 1 | 56 | |||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 2 | 7 | 9 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 17 | 17 | 1 | 18 | ||||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 6 | 6 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 21 | 21 | 1 | 22 | ||||||||||||
| ST53 | 7 | 4 | 332 | 2 | 345 | 67 | 6 | 418 | ||||||||
| Acacia saligna | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Amaranthus retroflexus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Asparagus acutifolius | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | 7 | 9 | ||||||||||||
| Chenopodium album | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Cistus creticus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 2 | 1 | 3 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Dodonaea viscosa | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Eremophila maculata | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron bonariensis | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron sp. | 6 | 6 | 6 | |||||||||||||
| Erigeron sumatrensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Euphorbia chamaesyce | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Euphorbia terracina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Grevillea juniperina | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hebe sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Heliotropium europaeum | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Laurus nobilis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula angustifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula stoechas | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Medicago sativa | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Myoporum insulare | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Myrtus communis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nerium oleander | 5 | 16 | 21 | 7 | 4 | 32 | ||||||||||
| Nicotiana tabacum | 4 | 4 | ||||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 215 | 216 | 32 | 248 | |||||||||||
| Osteospermum fruticosum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium fragrans | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pelargonium sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Periwinkle (common name) | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Phillyrea latifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Pistacia vera | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 1 | 19 | 20 | 8 | 28 | |||||||||||
| Prunus avium | 8 | 8 | 3 | 11 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 8 | 8 | 4 | 12 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus persica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Quercus ilex | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Rhamnus alaternus | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Spartium junceum | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Vinca minor | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Westringia fruticosa | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Westringia glabra | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST64 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST65 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 3 | ||||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST66 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST68 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST69 | 5 | 5 | 1 | 6 | ||||||||||||
| Citrus sinensis | 4 | 4 | 1 | 5 | ||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST70 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 6 | |||||||||||
| Catharanthus roseus | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| Hibiscus fragilis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Hibiscus rosa‐sinensis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Hibiscus sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| ST71 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus domestica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST73 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST73 and ST53 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST74 | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 4 | 4 | 4 | |||||||||||||
| ST78 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST80 | 16 | 16 | 16 | |||||||||||||
| Acacia sp. | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Cistus albidus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Lavandula dentata | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea subsp. sylvestris | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Salvia rosmarinus | 2 | 2 | 2 | |||||||||||||
| Ulex parviflorus | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST84 | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 3 | 3 | 3 | |||||||||||||
| ST85 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST86 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Olea europaea | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| sandyi | 1 | 1 | 1 | 24 | 1 | 28 | 4 | 1 | 33 | |||||||
| ST5 | 24 | 24 | 4 | 28 | ||||||||||||
| Hemerocallis sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Jacaranda mimosifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Magnolia grandiflora | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Nerium oleander | 21 | 21 | 1 | 22 | ||||||||||||
| Prunus dulcis | 1 | 1 | ||||||||||||||
| Vinca major | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||||
| ST72 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 1 | 3 | |||||||||||
| Coffea arabica | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| ST76 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | ||||||||||||
| Coffea sp. | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Polygala myrtifolia | 1 | 1 | 1 | |||||||||||||
| Grand Total | 6 | 130 | 34 | 4 | 95 | 1 | 386 | 5 | 65 | 172 | 371 | 4 | 1,273 | 389 | 49 | 1,711 |
Appendix E – References included in this update
1.
List of the 86 references included in this fourth update of the Xylella spp. host plant database. Informative data listed in Table 5 were extracted from those references and added to the database.
AbuObeid I, Al‐Karablieh N, Haddadin J, Al Omari R, Al‐Jabaree A‐M, Al‐Elaumi L and Mazahreh S, 2020. Survey on the presence of Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS) on olives in Jordan. Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection, 53.
Ali ME, Hudson O, Waliullah S, Ji P, Williams‐Woodward JL and Oliver JE, 2020. First Report of Bacterial Leaf Scorch Disease of American Elm Caused by Xylella fastidiosa in Georgia, USA. Plant Disease, 104, 1853–1854.
Angelica A, Manuel C and Rosello Q, 2020. Xylella fastidiosa DNA Extraction from Cultured Bacteria and Plant Material. Acta Microscopica, 29, 2683–2687.
ANSES ‐ Rapport d'analyse n. E.2018.PL5.00289/1.
Arias‐Giraldo LF, Giampetruzzi A, Metsis M, Marco‐Noales E, Imperial J, Velasco‐Amo MP, Roman‐Ecija M and Landa BB, 2020. Complete circularized genome data of two Spanish strains of Xylella fastidiosa (IVIA5235 and IVIA5901) using hybrid assembly approaches. Phytopathology, 110, 969–972.
Baldassarre F, De Stradis A, Altamura G, Vergaro V, Citti C, Cannazza G, Capodilupo AL, Dini L and Ciccarella G, 2020. Application of calcium carbonate nanocarriers for controlled release of phytodrugs against Xylella fastidiosa pathogen. Pure and Applied Chemistry, 92, 429–444.
Baro A, Mora I, Montesinos L and Montesinos E, 2020. Differential Susceptibility of Xylella fastidiosa strains to synthetic bactericidal peptides. Phytopathology, 110, 1018–1026.
Bruno GL, Cariddi C and Botrugno L, 2021. Exploring a sustainable solution to control Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca on olive in the Salento Peninsula, Southern Italy. Crop Protection, 139.
Burbank LP, Sisterson MS and O'Leary ML, 2020. Infection of blueberry cultivar ‘Emerald’ with a California Pierce's disease strain of Xylella fastidiosa and acquisition by glassy‐winged sharpshooter. Plant Disease, 104, 154–160.
Camacho Aguilar II, Hernandez Castillo FD, Gonzalez Gallegos E, Blanco Rodriguez E, Flores Olivas A and Garcia Martinez O, 2019. Host and vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Parras, Coahuila Vineyards, Mexico. Revista Bio Ciencias, 6.
Castillo AI, Chacon‐Diaz C, Rodriguez‐Murillo N, Coletta‐Filho HD and Almeida RPP, 2020. Impacts of local population history and ecology on the evolution of a globally dispersed pathogen. BMC Genomics, 21.
Castillo AI, Tuan S‐J, Retchless AC, Hu F‐T, Chang H‐Y and Almeida RPP, 2019. Draft whole‐genome sequences of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa strains TPD3 and TPD4, isolated from grapevines in Hou‐li, Taiwan. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 8.
Castrignanò A, Belmonte A, Antelmi I, Quarto R, Quarto F, Shaddad S, Sion V, Muolo MR, Ranieri NA, Gadaleta G, Bartoccetti E, Riefolo C, Ruggieri S and Nigro F, 2021. A geostatistical fusion approach using UAV data for probabilistic estimation of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca infection in olive trees. Science of the Total Environment, 752.
Cavalieri V, Altamura G, Fumarola G, i Carolo M, Saponari M, Cornara D, Bosco D and Dongiovanni C, 2019. Transmission of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies pauca Sequence Type 53 by different insect species. Insects, 10.
Cesbron S, Dupas E, Beaurepère Q, Briand M, Montes‐Borrego M, Del Pilar Velasco‐Amo M, Landa BB and Jacques MA, 2020. Development of a nested‐multilocus sequence typing approach for a highly sensitive and specific identification of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies directly from plant samples. Agronomy, 10.6
Chen C, Bock CH and Brannen PM, 2019. effect of tissue and sampling season on PCR Detection of Xylella fastidiosa in peach. Hortscience, 54, S130–S130.
Chen J, Leary M, Burbank L, Zheng Z and Deng X, 2020. Whole genome sequence of Xylella fastidiosa ATCC 35879T and detection of genome rearrangements within subsp. fastidiosa. Current Microbiology, 77, 1858–1863.
Cornara D, Marra M, Morente M, Garzo E, Moreno A, Saponari M and Fereres A, 2020. Feeding behavior in relation to spittlebug transmission of Xylella fastidiosa. Journal of Pest Science, 93, 1197–1213.
Cornara D, Marra M, Tedone B, Cavalieri V, Porcelli F, Fereres A, Purcell A and Saponari M, 2020. No evidence for cicadas’ implication in Xylella fastidiosa epidemiology. Entomologia Generalis, 40, 125–132.
Darnell RL, Williamson JG, Bayo DC and Harmon PF, 2020. Impacts of Vaccinium arboreum rootstocks on vegetative growth and yield in two southern highbush blueberry cultivars. Hortscience, 55, 40–45.
D'Attoma G, Morelli M, Saldarelli P, Saponari M, Giampetruzzi A, Boscia D, Savino VN, De La Fuente L and Cobine PA, 2019. Ionomic differences between susceptible and resistant olive cultivars infected by Xylella fastidiosa in the outbreak area of Salento, Italy. Pathogens, 8.
De Pascali M, Vergine M, Sabella E, Aprile A, Nutricati E, Nicoli F, Buja I, Negro C, Miceli A, Rampino P, De Bellis L and Luvisi A, 2019. Molecular effects of Xylella fastidiosa and drought combined stress in olive trees. Plants‐Basel, 8.
e Souza JB, Almeida‐Souza HO, Zaini PA, Alves MN, e Souza AG, Pierry PM, Silva AM, Goulart LR, Dandekar AM and Nascimento R, 2020. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strains Fb7 and 9a5c from citrus display differential behavior, secretome, and plant virulence. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 21.
Del Coco L, Migoni D, Girelli CR, Angile F, Scortichini M and Fanizzi FP, 2020. Soil and leaf ionome heterogeneity in Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca‐infected, non‐infected and treated olive groves in Apulia, Italy. Plants‐Basel, 9.
Deyett E and Rolshausen PE, 2019. Temporal dynamics of the sap microbiome of grapevine under high Pierce's disease pressure. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10.
Di Genova D, Lewis K and Oliver JE, 2019. Identification of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa from infected southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium sp.) in Georgia. Phytopathology, 109.
Di Genova D, Lewis KJ and Oliver JE, 2020. Natural infection of southern highbush blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum Interspecific Hybrids) by Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. Plant Disease, 104, 2598–2605.
Dupas E, Briand M, Jacques MA and Cesbron S, 2019. Novel tetraplex quantitative PCR assays for simultaneous detection and identification of Xylella fastidiosa subspecies in plant tissues. Frontiers in Plant Science, 10.6
Elbeaino T, Incerti O, Dakroub H, Valentini F and Huang Q, 2020. Development of an FTP‐LAMP assay based on TaqMan real‐time PCR and LAMP for the specific detection of Xylella fastidiosa De Donno and mulberry strains in both plants and insect vectors. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 175.
Esteves MB, Kleina HT, e M. Sales T and Lopes JRS, 2020. Selection of host plants for vector transmission assays of citrus variegated chlorosis strains of Xylella fastidiosa subsp.pauca. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 158, 975–985.
Esteves MB, Nalin JL, Kudlawiec K, Salviatto RC, Sales TdM, Sicard A, Paes de Almeida RP, e Souza AA and Spotti Lopes JR, 2020. XadA2 adhesin decreases biofilm formation and transmission of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca. Insects, 11.
Europhyt notification n. 1157 (Update 4).
Europhyt notification n. 501 (Update 11).
Europhyt notification n. ‐228 (Update 22).
Europhyt notification n. 924 (00).
Europhyt notification n. 1194 (Update 1).
Europhyt notification n. 1254 (00).
Europhyt notification n. 1255 (00).
Europhyt notification n. 718 (Update 7).
Europhyt notification n. 753 (Update 10).
Europhyt notification n. 246 (Update 15).
Europhyt notification n. ‐124 (Update 24).
Ferguson MH, Clarke CA and Smith BJ, 2020. Genotyping Xylella fastidiosa in Rabbiteye blueberry in Louisiana, USA. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 157, 679–683.
Ge Q, Cobine PA and De La Fuente L, 2020. Copper supplementation in watering solution reaches the xylem but does not protect tobacco plants against Xylella fastidiosa infection. Plant Disease, 104, 724–730.
Gerlin L, Cottret L, Cesbron S, Taghouti G, Jacques M‐A, Genin S and Baroukh C, 2020. Genome‐scale investigation of the metabolic determinants generating bacterial fastidious growth. Msystems, 5.
Giampetruzzi A, Baptista P, Morelli M, Cameirao C, Neto TL, Costa D, D'Attoma G, Abou Kubaa R, Altamura G, Saponari M, Pereira JA and Saldarelli P, 2020. Differences in the endophytic microbiome of olive cultivars infected by Xylella fastidiosa across seasons. Pathogens, 9.
Giampetruzzi A, D'Attoma G, Zicca S, Abou Kubaa R, Rizzo D, Boscia D, Saldarelli P and Saponari M, 2019. Draft genome sequence resources of three strains (TOS4, TOS5, and TOS14) of Xylella fastidiosa infecting different host plants in the newly discovered outbreak in Tuscany, Italy. Phytopathology, 109, 1516–1518.
Gomez LM, Teixeira‐Silva NS, Caserta R, Takita MA, Marques MOM and e Souza AA, 2020. Overexpression of Citrus reticulata SAMT in Nicotiana tabacum increases MeSA volatilization and decreases Xylella fastidiosa symptoms. Planta, 252.
Hilton A, Wang X, Zhang M, Cervantes K, French J, Randall JJ, Bock CH, Grauke LJ and Jo Y‐K, 2020. Improved methods for detecting Xylella fastidiosa in pecan and related Carya species. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 157, 899–918.
Hodgetts J, Glover R, Cole J, Hall J and Boonham N, 2020. Genomics informed design of a suite of real‐time PCR assays for the specific detection of each Xylella fastidiosa subspecies. Journal of Applied Microbiology.
Incerti O, Dakroub H, Khasib M, Cavalieri V and Elbeaino T, 2020. Comparison of conventional and novel molecular diagnostic methods for detection of Xylella fastidiosa from insect vectors. Phytopathologia Mediterranea, 59, 261–267.
Ingel B, Reyes C, Massonnet M, Boudreau B, Sun Y, Sun Q, McElrone AJ, Cantu D and Roper MC, 2020. Xylella fastidiosa causes transcriptional shifts that precede tylose formation and starch depletion in xylem. Molecular Plant Pathology.
Istituto per la Protezione sostenibile delle Piante ‐ C.N.R., 2021. Trasmissione esito saggi diagnostici molecolari di conferma per Xylella fastidiosa in Pistacia vera L. e identificazione della subspecie. Prot. Selge 46/2021 e Prot. 1432.
Jancar M, Dreo T, Pirc M and Oresek E, 2019. Surveys on Xylella fastidiosa (Wells & Raju) from 2014 to 2018 in Slovenia. Zbornik predavanj in referatov, 14. slovensko posvetovanje o varstvu rastlin z mednarodno udelezbo, 5.‐6. marec 2019, Maribor, Slovenija: 171–180.
Kubaa RA, Giampetruzzi A, Altamura G, Saponari M and Saldarelli P, 2019. Infections of the Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca strain “De Donno” in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) elicits an overactive immune response. Plants, 8, 335.
Landa BB, Castillo AI, Giampetruzzi A, Kahn A, Roman‐Ecija M, Pilar Velasco‐Amo M, Navas‐Cortes JA, Marco‐Noales E, Barbe S, Moralejo E, Coletta‐Filho HD, Saldarelli P, Saponari M and Almeida RPP, 2020. Emergence of a plant pathogen in Europe associated with multiple intercontinental introductions. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 86.
Lopes SA, 2020. Scion Substitution: A new strategy to control Citrus Variegated Chlorosis disease. Plant Disease, 104, 239–245.
Lopes SA, Raiol‐Junion LL, Torres SCZ, Martins EC, Prado SS and Beriam LOS, 2020. Differential responses of tobacco to the Citrus Variegated Chlorosis and Coffee Stem Atrophy strains of Xylella fastidiosa. Phytopathology, 110, 567–573.
Loyd AL and Bechtel CN, 2020. First report of bacterial leaf scorch caused by Xylella fastidiosa on Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis in Pennsylvania. Plant Disease, 104, 1249–1250.
Mavrodi OV, Mavrodi DV, Stafne ET, Adamczyk JJ and Babiker EM, 2020. Draft genome sequences of Xylella fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa strains OK3, VB11, and NOB1, isolated from bunch and muscadine grapes grown in Southern Mississippi. Microbiology Resource Announcements, 9.
Mazzaglia A, Rahi YJ, Taratufolo MC, Tati M, Turco S, Ciarroni S, Tagliavento V, Valentini F, D'Onghia AM and Balestra GM, 2020. A new inclusive MLVA assay to investigate genetic variability of Xylella fastidiosa with a specific focus on the Apulian outbreak in Italy. Scientific Reports, 10.
Moralejo E, Borràs D, Gomila M, Montesinos M, Adrover F, Juan A, Nieto A, Olmo D, Seguí G and Landa BB, 2019. Insights into the epidemiology of Pierce's disease in vineyards of Mallorca, Spain. Plant Pathology, 68, 1458–1471.
Moralejo E, Gomila M, Montesinos M, Borras D, Pascual A, Nieto A, Adrover F, Gost PA, Segui G, Busquets A, Jurado‐Rivera JA, Quetglas B, Garcia JdD, Beidas O, Juan A, Velasco‐Amo MP, Landa BB and Olmo D, 2020. Phylogenetic inference enables reconstruction of a long‐overlooked outbreak of almond leaf scorch disease (Xylella fastidiosa) in Europe. Communications Biology, 3.
Nigro F, Antelmi I, Sion V and Pacifico A, 2019. Occurrence of wilting fungi in symptomatic olive trees unaffected or affected by Xylella fastidiosa in Apulia. IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 141, 81.
O'Leary ML, Burbank LP, Krugner R and Stenger DC, 2020. Complete genome sequence data of three Xylella fastidiosa subsp. multiplex strains isolated from olive trees in California, USA. Phytopathology, 110, 1759–1762.
Pereira W, Takita M, Melotto M and e Souza A, 2020. Citrus reticulata CrRAP2.2 Transcriptional factor shares similar functions to the Arabidopsis homolog and increases resistance to Xylella fastidiosa. Molecular Plant‐Microbe Interactions, 33, 519–527.
Pereira WEL, e Andrade SMP, Del Ponte EM, Esteves MB, Canale MC, Takita MA, Coletta‐Filho HD and De Souza AA, 2020. Severity assessment in the Nicotiana tabacum‐Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca pathosystem: design and interlaboratory validation of a standard area diagram set. Tropical Plant Pathology, 45, 710–722.
Pierry PM, e Santana WO, Kitajima JP, Martins‐Junior J, Zaini PA, Uceda‐Campos G, Feitosa‐Junior OR, Silva Pessoa PI, Della Coletta‐Filho H, e Souza AA, Machado MA, Gesteira AdS, Martins LF, Amaral MS, Beckedorff FC, Paula de Almeida LG, Ribeiro de Vasconcelos AT, Verjovski‐Almeida S, Setubal JC and Silva AM, 2020. High‐quality draft genome sequence resources of eight Xylella fastidiosa strains isolated from citrus, coffee, plum, and hibiscus in South America. Phytopathology, 110, 1751–1755.
Pirc M, Jakomin T and Dreo T, 2019. Optimization of laboratory testing of host plants for detection of Xylella fastidiosa. Zbornik predavanj in referatov, 14. slovensko posvetovanje o varstvu rastlin z mednarodno udelezbo, 5.‐6. marec 2019, Maribor, Slovenija: 378–384.
Rasool S, Naz S, Rowhani A, Diaz‐Lara A, Golino DA, Farrar KD and Al Rwahnih M, 2019. Survey of grapevine pathogens in Pakistan. Journal of Plant Pathology, 101, 725–732.
Riaz S, Tenscher AC, Heinitz CC, Huerta‐Acosta KG and Walker MA, 2020. Genetic analysis reveals an east‐west divide within North American Vitis species that mirrors their resistance to Pierce's disease. PloS one, 15.
Sabella E, Aprile A, Genga A, Siciliano T, Nutricati E, Nicoli F, Vergine M, Negro C, De Bellis L and Luvisi A, 2019. Xylem cavitation susceptibility and refilling mechanisms in olive trees infected by Xylella fastidiosa. Scientific Reports, 9.
Sabella E, Moretti S, Gartner H, Luvisi A, De Bellis L, Vergine M, Saurer M and Cherubini P, 2020. Increase in ring width, vessel number and delta O‐18 in olive trees infected with Xylella fastidiosa. Tree Physiology, 40, 1583–1594.
Sagawa CHD, Zaini PA, Assis RAB, Saxe H, Salemi M, Jacobson A, Wilmarth PA, Phinney BS and Dandekar AM, 2020. Deep learning neural network prediction method improves proteome profiling of vascular sap of grapevines during pierce's disease development. Biology, 9, 1–19.
Scala V, Pucci N, Salustri M, Modesti V, L'Aurora A, Scortichini M, Zaccaria M, Momeni B, Reverberi M and Loreti S, 2020. Xylella fastidiosa subsp. pauca and olive produced lipids moderate the switch adhesive versus non‐adhesive state and vice versa. PloS One, 15.
Sengoda VG, Shi X, Krugner R, Backus EA and Lin H, 2020. Targeted mutations in Xylella fastidiosa affect acquisition and retention by the glassy‐winged sharpshooter, Homalodisca vitripennis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Journal of Economic Entomology, 113, 612–621.
Sicard A, Merfa MV, Voeltz M, Zeilinger AR, De La Fuente L and Almeida RPP, 2019. Discriminating between viable and membrane‐damaged cells of the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. PloS One, 14.
Sisterson MS, Burbank LP, Krugner R, Haviland D and Stenger DC, 2020. Xylella fastidiosa and glassy‐winged sharpshooter population dynamics in the Southern San Joaquin Valley of California. Plant Disease, 104, 2994–3001.
Soares MS, Silva DF, Amaral JC, Silva MM, Forim MR, Rodrigues‐Filho E, s Gracas Fernandes da Silva MF, Fernandes JB, Machado MA, e Souza AA and Gomes Martins CH, 2020. Rapid differentiation of graft Citrus sinensis with and without Xylella fastidiosa infection by mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, 34.
Stancic M, Cavallo G, Cataldi G, Elbeaino T, D'Onghia AM and Valentini F, 2019. Preliminary results of isolation methods of Xylella fastidiosa from different plant hosts in Apulia region (Italy). IOBC/WPRS Bulletin, 141, 93–95.
Van Horn C, Dai Z, Sisterson M and Chen J, 2019. Microbiomes of Xylella fastidiosa infected grapevine in California. Phytopathology, 109, 150.
Vanhove M, Sicard A, Ezennia J, Leviten N and Almeida RPP, 2020. Population structure and adaptation of a bacterial pathogen in California grapevines. Environmental Microbiology, 22, 2625–2638.
Vergine M, Meyer JB, Cardinale M, Sabella E, Hartmann M, Cherubini P, De Bellis L and Luvisi A, 2020. The Xylella fastidiosa‐resistant olive cultivar “Leccino” has stable endophytic microbiota during the olive quick decline syndrome (OQDS). Pathogens, 9.
Waliullah S, Hudson O, Oliver JE, Brannen PM, Ji P and Ali ME, 2019. Comparative analysis of different molecular and serological methods for detection of Xylella fastidiosa in blueberry. PloS One, 14.
Wallis CM, Zeilinger AR, Sicard A, Beal DJ, Walker MA and Almeida RPP, 2020. Impact of phenolic compounds on progression of Xylella fastidiosa infections in susceptible and PdR1‐locus containing resistant grapevines. PloS One, 15.
Zicca S, De Bellis P, Masiello M, Saponari M, Saldarelli P, Boscia D and Sisto A, 2020. Antagonistic activity of olive endophytic bacteria and of Bacillus spp. strains against Xylella fastidiosa. Microbiological Research, 236.
Annex A – Links to data and interactive reports
1.
Data are available as interactive reports on the Microstrategy platform at the following link: https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en/microstrategy/xylella
Raw data and related metadata are published in Zenodo in the EFSA Knowledge Junction community, this report refers to Version 4 (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1339343).
Suggested citation: EFSA (European Food Safety Authority) , Delbianco A, Gibin D, Pasinato L and Morelli M, 2021. Scientific report on the update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 31 December 2020. EFSA Journal 2021;19(6):6674, 70 pp. 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.6674
Requestor: European Commission
Question number: EFSA‐Q‐2017‐00217
Declarations of interest: The declarations of interest of all scientific experts active in EFSA's work are available at https://ess.efsa.europa.eu/doi/doiweb/doisearch.
Acknowledgements: EFSA wishes to acknowledge the National Research Council, Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection (CNR‐IPSP), Bari, Italy, for the support provided to this scientific output in the context of grant GP/EFSA/ALPHA/2017/02 Lot 5 GA1 ‐ Specific agreement Nr. 5. EFSA wishes to thank Claude Bragard (Chair of EFSA Panel of Plant Health) for reviewing this Scientific Report. EFSA wishes also to thank Irene Muñoz Guajardo (EFSA, AMU Unit) for the support provided to this scientific output.
Approved: 25 May 2021
Notes
Data extraction of this selected reference was postponed to the next update of the database foreseen in November 2021.
References
- EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2010. Application of systematic review methodology to food and feed safety assessments to support decision making. EFSA Journal 2010;8(6):1637, 90 pp. 10.2903/j.efsa.2010.1637 [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2016. Update of a database of host plants of Xylella fastidiosa: 20 November 2015. EFSA Journal 2016;14(2):4378, 40 pp. 10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4378 [DOI] [Google Scholar]
- EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2018. Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database. EFSA Journal 2018;16(9):5408, 87 pp. 10.2903/j.efsa.2018.5408 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
- EFSA (European Food Safety Authority), 2020. Update of the Xylella spp. host plant database – systematic literature search up to 30 June 2019. EFSA Journal 2019;18(4):6114, 61 pp. 10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6114 [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]