Table 1.
PG receptor associated signal transduction and effect on fibrosis.
| Prostaglandins | Receptors | G Proteins | Second Messengers | Fibrosis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PGE2 | EP1 | Gq | IP3, ↑ Ca2+ ↓ | + |
| EP2 | Gs | cAMP ↑ | − | |
| EP3 | Gi, G12, GRho | camp, ↓ Ca2+ ↑ | + | |
| EP4 | Gs | cAMP ↑ | − | |
| PGD2 | DP1 | Gs | cAMP ↑ | − |
| DP2 | Gi | cAMP ↓, Ca2+ ↑ | + | |
| PGI2 | IP | Gs | cAMP ↑ | − |
| PPAR-α | − | |||
| PGF2α | FP: FPA FPB | Gq, GRho | IP3, ↑ Ca2+ ↑ | + |
| TXA2 | TP:TPα TPβ | Gq, G13 Gs, Gi, Gh |
Ca2+ ↑ (Gq) cAMP ↑↓ (Gs Gi) |
+ |
“↑” stands for ascending, “↓” for descending, “+” for promoting fibrosis, and “−” for inhibiting fibrosis.