Table 10.
Other phytochemicals in the prevention of the muscle atrophy in vitro/vivo.
| Others | Structure | Example Source | Inducer | Model | Effect | Mechanism | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| α-Ketoglutarate |
|
/ | Corticosterone | C57BL/6J mice | ↑ Muscle mass | ↓ MuRF1, MAFbx | [154] |
| C2C12 cells | ↑ Myotube size | ↓ MuRF1, MAFbx | [154] | ||||
| Cinnamaldehyde |
|
Cinnamon | H2O2 | C2C12 cells | ↑ Myotube diameter | ↓ MuRF1, MAFbx ↓ Oxidative stress |
[155] |
| Fucoxanthin |
|
Undaria pinnatifida | Dexamethasone | ICR mice | ↑ Muscle mass | ↓ Oxidative stress | [156] |
Abbreviation: H2O2, Hydrogen peroxide; MAFbx, Muscle atrophy F-box; MuRF1, Muscle RING-finger protein-1; ↑, Increase or promote; ↓, Decrease or inhibit.