Table 6.
IgG subtypes in milk.
| Breastfeeding Phase and Time | Study | Year | Population Characteristics N, Location, Particular Characteristics |
Measure of Centrality and Spread |
Concentration and Distribution (mg/L) |
Analysis Method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IgG1 | ||||||
| Colostrum | ||||||
| d2 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 2248.4 ± 531.8 | ELISA |
| d3 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 539.8 ± 123.6 | ELISA |
| d4 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 195.0 ± 83.2 | ELISA |
| h96 | [41] | 2015 | 15, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | 87.80 (11.63–163.97) | Luminex |
| d1–d5 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | 37.2 | RI |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 6, Spain, Healthy, Untreated milk | Median (IQR) | 102.61 (45.28–242.07) | Luminex |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 3, Spain, Healthy, Pasteurized milk | Median (IQR) | 157.85 (25.63–270.73) | Luminex |
| Mature milk | ||||||
| d22–d36 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | 25.1 | RI |
| d14–d56 | [41] | 2015 | 11, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | 10.36 (5.05–15.65) | Luminex |
| d49–d266 | [56] | 1989 | 11, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 35.72 ± 4.40 | ELISA |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 3, Spain, Healthy, Untreated milk | Median (IQR) | 36.70 (1.25–70.65) | Luminex |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 2, Spain, Healthy, Pasteurized milk | Median (IQR) | 16.20 (15.84–16.56) | Luminex |
| IgG2 | ||||||
| Colostrum | ||||||
| d2 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 162.2 ± 59.6 | ELISA |
| d3 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 38.0 ± 11.2 | ELISA |
| d4 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 12.3 ± 0.4 | ELISA |
| h96 | [41] | 2015 | 15, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | 68.04 (−2.92 to 139.00) | Luminex |
| d1–d5 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | 34.9 | RI |
| Mature milk | ||||||
| d22–d36 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | 19.6 | RI |
| d14–d56 | [41] | 2015 | 11, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | - | Luminex |
| d49–d266 | [56] | 1989 | 11, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 4.18 ± 0.69 | ELISA |
| IgG3 | ||||||
| Colostrum | ||||||
| d2 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 113.9 ± 47.0 | ELISA |
| d3 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 36.5 ± 10.1 | ELISA |
| d4 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 14.7 ± 2.5 | ELISA |
| h96 | [41] | 2015 | 15, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | 2.82 (0.98–4.65) | Luminex |
| d1–d5 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | <3.4 | RI |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 4, Spain, Healthy, Untreated milk | Median (IQR) | 16.45 (15.30–38.90) | Luminex |
| Mature milk | ||||||
| d22–d36 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | <1.6 | RI |
| d14–d56 | [41] | 2015 | 11, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | 0.24 (0.11–0.37) | Luminex |
| d49–d266 | [56] | 1989 | 11, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 1.31 ± 0.15 | ELISA |
| IgG4 | ||||||
| Colostrum | ||||||
| d2 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 14.7 ± 5.7 | ELISA |
| d3 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 4.7 ± 1.0 | ELISA |
| d2–d4 | [68] | 1983 | 27, Torrance | Mean (range) | 4.6 (0.6–19) | RIA |
| d4 | [56] | 1989 | 7, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 2.4 ± 0.4 | ELISA |
| h96 | [41] | 2015 | 15, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | 0.98 (0.45–1.52) | Luminex |
| d1–d5 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | 4.9 | RI |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 10, Spain, Healthy, Untreated milk | Median (IQR) | 649.80 (474.63–984.41) | Luminex |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 9, Spain, Healthy, Pasteurized milk | Median (IQR) | 530.67 (410.95–902.78) | Luminex |
| Mature milk | ||||||
| d22–d36 | [109] | 1992 | 14, California | Mean | 4.2 | RI |
| d14–d56 | [41] | 2015 | 11, Spain, Preterm delivery | Mean (IQR) | 0.29 (0.12–0.46) | Luminex |
| d49–d266 | [56] | 1989 | 11, Colorado and Reykhavik | Mean ± SEM | 0.516 ± 0.109 | ELISA |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 8, Spain, Healthy, Untreated milk | Median (IQR) | 517.23 (236.18–701.76) | Luminex |
| * | [52] | 2013 | 8, Spain, Healthy, Pasteurized milk | Median (IQR) | 365.50 (324.55–410.95) | Luminex |
SD, standard deviation of the mean; SEM, standard error mean; IQR, interquartile range; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; RI, Radial immunodiffusion; RIA, radioimmunoassay; SRI, Single radial immunodiffusion; * Data are not specified.