Table 1.

Evidence for cell–cell fusion in human cancers.

Tumor Type	Normal Cells	Marker	Reference
breast cancer	macrophages	CD163, MAC387, DAP12	[59,69,73]
colon/colorectal cancer	macrophages	CD163, MAC387, DAP12	[68,73]
		CD14, CD45, cytokeratin	[20]
epithelial ovarian cancer	BMDCs	CD45, CXCR4	[25]
melanoma	macrophages	CD14, CD45, cytokeratin	[20]
	stromal cells	BRAF (V600E) mutation	[72]
	BMDCs	STR-analysis *	[42,43]
multiple myeloma	osteoclasts	myeloma specific translocations	[70,71,74]
non-small cell lung cancer	macrophages	CD14, CD45, cytokeratin, EpCAM	[46]
pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma	macrophages	CD45, cytokeratin	[45,75]
	BMDCs	CD45, EpCAM, Y chromosome *	[22]
renal cell carcinoma	BMDCs	blood group alleles *, Y-chromosome *	[41,44]

* Cancer patients with a BMT history.