Table 1.

Biological effects of some volatile metabolites identified in the studied fruits and vegetables.

Volatile Metabolites	Biological Effects	Sample	Reference
β-Myrcene	Analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, anticancer, antioxidant	Beetroot, orange carrot, spinach,	[73,74]
Camphene	Antimicrobial, antioxidant	Beetroot, red onion, orange and white carrot, spinach	[75,76]
α-Terpinene	Antimicrobial	Beetroot, orange and white carrot, tomato, tamarillo	[77,78]
Terpinolene	Antioxidant	Beetroot, red onion, orange and white carrot	[79]
γ-terpinene	Anti-inflammatory, antioxidant	Beetroot, red and yellow onion, orange and white carrot, tomato, tamarillo	[39,80]
β-Phellandrene	Antibacterial, anticancer	Beetroot, orange and white carrot	[81,82]
β-Pinene	Antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antineoplastic, chemoprotective	Beetroot, orange and white carrot, spinach, tamarillo	[80,83,84]
D-Limonene	Antimutagenic, antitumor, antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiproliferative, chemoprotective	Beetroot, orange and white carrot, yellow onion, broccoli, spinach, tomato, tamarillo	[80,84,85]
Eucalyptol	Anti-inflammatory	Broccoli, tomato	[86]
Geraniol	Chemopreventive activity, antimutagenic, anti-inflammatory	Tomato	[86,87]
Eugenol	Anticancer, antimicrobial, antioxidant	Tomato, tamarillo	[79]
β-ionone	Chemopreventive activity	Orange carrot, broccoli, watercress, spinach, tomato, tamarillo	[87]
α-Pinene	Antimicrobial, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiallergic	Beetroot, red onion, orange and white carrot, broccoli, watercress, spinach, tomato, tamarillo	[88,89]
3-Carene	Antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer,	Orange and white carrot, spinach, tamarillo	[90],
Diallyl disulfide	Anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory	Garlic	[91,92]
Diallyl trisulfide	Anticancer, antidiabetic	Garlic	[93,94]
Dipropyl disulfide	Anticancer	Yellow onion	[95]
Dimethyl trisulfide	Reduction in acute pancreatitis	Yellow and red onion	[96]
2-Phenylethyl glucosinolate	Chemopreventive	Watercress	[97]