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. 2021 Jun 15;10(6):1501. doi: 10.3390/cells10061501

Figure 17.

Figure 17

The need for appropriate dilution of the primary rabbit antiserum. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) immunostaining (using the polymer method) for hepatocellular carcinoma. (a): 1:400 dilution, (b): 1:3200 dilution. With 1:400 diluted antiserum, non-neoplastic hepatocytes (blue arrowheads), bile ducts (red arrowhead) and arterial wall (green arrowhead) reveal nonspecific staining. At an appropriate dilution (1:3200), positive signals of AFP are seen only in the hepatoma cells (yellow arrows).