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. 2021 Jun 3;29(3):695–704. doi: 10.1007/s10787-021-00814-x

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Downregulation of OA FLS inflammasome and pyroptosis by SDF-1 is not mediated by the PI3K–mTOR signaling pathway. SDF-1 activated the PI3K signaling pathway at 3 h (a) (n = 6). Besides, SDF-1 (100 ng/ml) decreased the protein expression of mTOR and p62 in OA FLS and increased the protein expression level of LC3-II/I (b) (n = 6–12). Pre-treated OA FLS with 5 mM 3MA (inhibitor of PI3K–mTOR) for 2 h could not reverse the inhibitory effects of SDF-1 (c) (n = 6). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 versus controls