Table 4.
Changes in metabolic outcomes at baseline and 3-months post-intervention.
| Parameter | Before Intervention | Post Intervention | P 3 | P 4 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INEG | CG | P 1 | INEG | CG | P 2 | |||
| Weight (kg) | 97.6 ± 34.3 | 91.2 ± 29.2 | 0.155 | 82.5 ± 21.3 | 93.4 ± 31.7 | 0.011 | 0.025 | 0.356 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 32.6 ± 12.2 | 30.2 ± 11.5 | 0.245 | 27.5 ± 5.4 | 29.4 ± 9.5 | 0.021 | 0.009 | 0.411 |
| WC (cm) | 105.3 ± 18.6 | 108.5 ± 15.8 | 0.432 | 91.1 ± 14.4 | 108.3 ± 18.6 | 0.009 | 0.015 | 0.455 |
| MM (kg) | 35.2 ± 7.2 | 34.1 ± 8.8 | 0.156 | 33.9 ± 9.5 | 32.7 ± 7.9 | 0.234 | 0.242 | 0.328 |
| FM (kg) | 36.4 ± 15.2 | 37.8 ± 13.5 | 0.387 | 28.4 ± 12.5 | 35.7 ± 18.7 | 0.034 | 0.012 | 0.265 |
| FG (mg/dL) | 107.6 ± 16.8 | 110.4 ± 19.4 | 0.432 | 89.5 ± 13.1 | 105.2 ± 17.2 | 0.011 | 0.009 | 0.324 |
| TC (mg/dL) | 232.3 ± 35.3 | 251.4 ± 29.8 | 0.115 | 185.5 ± 22.4 | 244.1 ± 27.6 | 0.009 | 0.012 | 0.565 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 143.4 ± 25.3 | 148.4 ± 21.5 | 0.355 | 115.9 ± 16.5 | 142.8 ± 18.7 | 0.001 | 0.008 | 0.487 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 54.6 ± 9.1 | 50.23 ± 11.3 | 0.231 | 65.8 ± 12.4 | 52.2 ± 9.5 | 0.025 | 0.018 | 0.314 |
| TG (mg/dL) | 169.8 ± 29.1 | 166.4 ± 25.2 | 0.554 | 148.2 ± 18.9 | 159.6 ± 21.5 | 0.085 | 0.068 | 0.249 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 141.6 ± 13.4 | 138.8 ± 10.6 | 0.387 | 135.2 ± 11.8 | 145.1 ± 9.5 | 0.115 | 0.217 | 0.363 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 89.4 ± 7.9 | 87.2 ± 10.5 | 0.425 | 84.6 ± 8.4 | 86.5 ± 9.8 | 0.225 | 0.378 | 0.512 |
Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD); INEG—individual nutrition education group, CG—control group, BMI –body mass index, WC—waist circumference, MM—muscle mass, FM—fat mass, FG—fasting glucose, TC—total cholesterol, LDL-C—low-density lipoprotein, HDL-C—high-density lipoprotein, TG—triglycerides, SBP—systolic blood pressure, DBP—diastolic blood pressure. P 1—Statistical significance determined between the INEG and CG before intervention. P 2—Statistical significance determined between the INEG and CG post-intervention. P 3—Statistical significance determined between the INEG before and post-intervention. P 4—Statistical significance determined between the CG before and post-intervention.