| [25,26] |
Research
Wistar rats |
Yacón flour-fructooligosaccharides |
- |
-
✓
Reduced pH.
-
✓
Intestinal permeability: prebiotics affect intestinal barrier integrity by increasing epithelial mucus production and maintaining the integrity of tight junctions that prevent bacterial translocation.
-
✓
Total antioxidant capacity.
-
✓
The TNF-α/IL-10 ratio.
-
✓
SCFAs with greater production of acetic, propionic, and butyric acids.
-
✓
Immune system modulation is observed with greater production of antibacterial defensins, sIgA, and anti-inflammatory cytokines, mainly IL-10.
|
| [28] |
Research
2 model Rats
1-Develop colon cancer by carcinogen azoxymethane (AOM) and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS).
2-genetic
mutation in APC gene |
Inulin-rich foods
15.7% in chorizo and 10% in cooked ham
|
|
-
✓
Enhanced beneficial colon microbiota populations, giving rise to the in situ production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) such as propionic and butyric acids.
-
✓
Significantly increased Bacteroidetes populations mainly due to an increase in Bacteroidetes and Prevotellaceae families, together with a reduction in Firmicutes.
-
✓
Increased the anti-inflammatory and fiber-fermentative Blautia genus, which belongs to this Lachnospiraceae family.
-
✓
Reduced important pro-inflammatory bacterial populations, such as those of the genus Desulfovibrio and Bilophila.
-
✓
Significantly reduced the number of hyperplastic Peyer’s patches in the small intestine mucosa.
-
✓
Increased cecum weight (the whole cecum, including cecum containing feces) as the cecum works as a bioreactor, where microbiota flourish in the presence of fermentable fibers, such as inulin, increasing the weight of this organ and its contents.
-
✓
Reduced (49.9%) the number of colon polyps.
|
| [27] |
Research
Rat where CRC was generated using AOM/DSS |
GOSLu (galacto-oligosaccharides derived from lactulose)
2 g per rat |
|
-
✓
Significantly reduced populations of pro-inflammatory bacteria families and species, and significant increases in interesting beneficial populations, such as Bifidobacterium.
-
✓
Allowed diverse SCFAs. In this study, a 56.9% increase in the caecum production of propionate was clearly observed, in a statistically significant way.
-
✓
There was a statistically significant reduction in tumor number and area.
-
✓
Increased Bacteroidetes and reduced Firmicutes populations and a reduction in Desulfovibrio genus (Desulfovibrionaceae family) populations.
-
✓
Increased Phascolarctobacterium genus (which belongs to the Acidaminococcaceae family, a Firmicute).
|
| [29] |
Research
Rat with induced carcinogenesis |
Jabuticaba [Myrciaria jaboticaba (Vell.) O.Berg] seeds, a native berry from a multi-stemmed tree indigenous to Brazil isthe richest source of phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins and ellagic acid
|
Yogurt
Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus and Lactobacillus
delbrueckii subsp. Bulgaricus
|
-
✓
Increased Bacteroidetes abundance and a decreased Firmicutes abundance.
-
✓
Reduced bacterial metabolizing enzymes-β-glucoronidase, β-glucosidase, β-galactosidase, mucinase, and nitroreductase, thus reducing colonic tumor incidence; inhibited the growth of Bacteroides, Clostridium, and Propionibacterium spp., thus enhancing the abundance of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium species.
-
✓
Ellagic acid and ellagitannins are the main compounds in LJE, can be degraded in the gut producing urolithins, which in turn has shown to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells by regulating cellular activities and signaling pathways and to decrease the activation of proinflammatory cytokines in the gut.
-
✓
Equalized the biodiversity of bacteria by changing the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria phyla in rats.
|
| [30] |
Research
carcinogen-induced rat model |
Djulis (Chenopodium formosanum) is a native cereal crop
10% djulis in the experimental diet is equal to 44 g djulis for a 60 kg human per
day |
|
-
✓
Inhibited the progress of CRC by regulating the colonic secretion of mucins.
-
✓
Had an inhibitory effect on the progression from primary to advanced precancerous lesions during colon carcinogenesis.
-
✓
It is speculated that Djulis could provide prebiotic dietary fiber for promoting the growth of L. acidophilus in the intestine. COX-2 expression was reduced. It may suppress colon carcinogenesis via an inflammation-associated pathway.
-
✓
Reduced distal Aberrant Crypt Foci (ACF).
-
✓
The low number of Mucin-Depleted Foci (MDF).
-
✓
Decreased expression of Bcl-2 in all Djulis-treated groups.
|
