Table 3.

Estimated annualized changes in systolic and diastolic blood pressures (mmHg) by tertiles of urinary metal concentrations in the model incorporating all metals.

Tertiles of all metal concentrations	Annualized change (95% CI) in blood pressure (mmHg)*			P for interaction‖
	Tertile 1†	Tertile 2‡	Tertile 3§
Systolic blood pressure	0.67 (0.57, 0.76)	0.84 (0.73, 0.95)	0.91 (0.81, 1.01)	0.06
Diastolic blood pressure	0.07 (0.01, 0.13)	0.13 (0.05, 0.20)	0.19 (0.13, 0.26)	0.0003

^*Models were adjusted for age at baseline, race/ethnicity, study site, specific gravity (log-transformed), education, smoking status, alcohol drinking, physical activity, body mass index at baseline, menopausal status, seafood and rice intake at baseline, and interaction term between race/ethnicity and follow-up time.

^†Annualized changes in blood pressure when arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations were at their tertile 1.

^‡Annualized changes in blood pressure when arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations were at their tertile 2.

^§Annualized changes in blood pressure when arsenic, cadmium, mercury, and lead concentrations were at their tertile 3.

^‖P for interaction was calculated using likelihood ratio test between the model incorporating interaction terms between tertiles of metals and follow-up time and the model without interaction terms.