Figure 1. Brain damage has hemisphere-specific consequences on specific cognitive capacities in 1080 stroke patients.

Causal evidence that circumscribed tissue damage leads to selective cognitive impairments in visuospatial function (RC, Rey Complex Figure Test), global cognition including space and time (MMSE, Korean Mini-Mental State Examination), language performance (BN, Boston Naming Test), and memory function (SVL, Seoul Verbal Learning Test). To achieve these single-patient predictions of clinical outcomes, the Bayesian hierarchical model relied on information of brain segmentation of lost grey-matter as input features. A) Heatmaps indicate the associations of each anatomical region (Harvard-Oxford atlas) with lost (blue color) or preserved (red color) cognitive performance in patients for different clinical assessments. B) Predictive accuracy (coefficient of determination R² estimated via posterior predictive checks) for the four cognitive scores along with scatterplots of actual (x axis) and predicted (y axis) cognitive performance. C) Brain renderings of the brain region-wise predictive relevance. Coordinates of axial brain slices in Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) reference space. The population-level evidence shows that language-related and attentional-routing-related cognitive capacities are biased to the left versus right brain side. Reprinted with permission from Bonkhoff et al., Brain Comms, in press.